Professor J. IT. Grefjori/ — The E))<jlisli '■ Esl:ers". 27 



gravel with all the pebbles well water-worn. I saw no striated 

 stone in the main mass of the kame, but in the lowest layer, just 

 E. of Gilly's Neck, are some boulders with faint traces of striae. 

 The kame rises to the level of about 125 feet O.D. and about 60 feet 

 above the level of the Tweed. Mearns, who explains the kame an 

 due to " currents in a former sea " (op. cit., p. 231), describes the 

 beds as stratified ; but I saw no clear stratification, probably owing 

 to the sections being now old and obscure. 



This kame is probably part of the wide sheet of sand and gravel 

 which to the S.E. and E. of Cornhill overlies the boulder clay and 

 occurs at about the same level as this kame. This sheet is mainly 

 derived by denudation from the boulder clay. The Wark kame is 

 a bank of this gravel deposited on the floor of a valley cut in the 

 boulder clay that filled the pre-glacial valley of the Tweed. The 

 kame was left by the erosion of the present Tweed valley and of the 

 dry branch of that valley between Wark and a high whale-backed 

 drumlin to the S. 



Pallinsburn Knowc (N. of the Cornhill road and W. of the village) 

 has been described as a kanie.^ The hill pointed out to me at the 

 village as the Knowe has the shape of a drumlin, and a section in 

 a road cutting just E. of a lodge, exposes loam with a few boulders, 

 and all of those examined were striated. At the time of my visit 

 the hill was covered by wheat, so I could not traverse it or examhie 

 the gravel, which is described by Gunn ^ as well-rounded and coarse, 

 with patches of dirty sand and clay. 



2. The Gravel Ridges of the Boivmont Water — a tributary to the 

 Glen River (7 miles S.W. of Coldstream) — have been described as 

 forming conspicuous ridges.^ 



A long fish-bick-like ridge of drift lies in the narrow valley of 

 the Bowmont Water between Kilham and Kirknewton. The 

 material of this drift is exposed beside the road E. of Kilham in 

 a low ridge-like platforni, of which the form is clearly due to denuda- 

 tion. The gravel is coarse and contains water-worn boulders ; no 

 striated stone was seen. This mass of drift appears to be a glacie- 

 luvial deposit that was laid down in front of the ice which filled the 

 Kilham basin ; the drift blocked up the outlet ; a lake was formed, 

 and its overflow excavated the gorge of the Bowmont Water and 

 cut the gravel into ridges parallel to the valley. The form of these 

 ridges is therefore secondary. Amongst the changes of river 

 direction in this district was the temporary separation of the 

 Bowmont Water- from the Glen River by the formation of this 

 glacieluvial dam. 



3. Coastal Series. — The Lucker or Bradford Kame, the best 

 developed kame in Northumberland, passes 2 miles W. of Bamburgh 



1 F. M. Norman, Hist. Berwick. Field Club, x, pt. iii, 1S84, pp. 440-2. 3Iem. 

 Geol. Surv., 110 H.W., ISOo, p. 74. 

 - 3Iem. Geol. Surv., 110 S.W., p. 74. 

 3 3Iem. Geol. Surv., 110 S.W., 1895, p. 78. 



