32 Professor J. W.Gregory — TJie English. '' Eskers". 



The high-level eskers S. of Ilkley are said in the Survey Memoir ^ 

 to rest partly on boulder clay, but I saw nothing to confirm this 

 statement regarding the Lanshaw Delves or any erratics, boulder 

 clay or other trace on the moor of any general glaciation of the 

 district. The surface is littered with blocks of grit formed by 

 weathering in situ. Even at the level of about 600 feet in a quarry 

 at Bldwick, on the southern side of the moor, the deep decomposition 

 of the sandstones indicates that there had been no glaciation at 

 that locality. My observations agree with the generally accepted 

 view that the hills in this district have not been covered by a general 

 ice sheet, and that the only extraneous ice in this part of the Aire 

 valley lay on its floor. 



3. Eskers in N. Yorkshire and near York. — The interval between 

 the Bingiey Karnes and those of S. Durham is partially filled by 

 a few recorded esker formations including the " Roman Ridge " 

 near Lendrick Farm, W. of Ripon, which trends N.W.-S.B.^ ; 

 Cowper Reed ^ refers to it as "an esker-like ridge". 



The formation in Yorkshire which, judging from the drift maps, 

 appears the most osar-like is a band of sand and gravel that extends 

 from York S. to Escrick, and has been identified as an esker by 

 Professor Kendall.^ Two curved bands of glacial sands and gravels 

 occur in this part of Yorkshire. The northern band (Sh. 93, N.E.) 

 passes through York N.E. to Helmsley and then 'N. and N.W. past 

 Sherifi Hutton and Whenby. It has been described as the York 

 moraine. A second curved band of boulder clay capped in places 

 by sand and gravel is marked on the Geol. Survey map (Sh. 93, S.E.) . 

 passing 5 miles S. of York through Catton to Escrick and Stillingfleet 

 (35 feet). It has been described by Professor P. F. Kendall ^ as 

 a southern but probably younger moraine. Dr. Cowper Reed '" 

 refers to these bands as having been " considered by some geologists " 

 as moraines. Professor Bonney '^ has discussed that view and 

 rejected it. 



On the view that the formations at York and Escrick are moraines, 

 the position of the connecting band through Fulford to Escrick is 

 suggestively osar-like. The intimate structure of the glacial drifts 

 at York is described in the memoirs by J. F. Clark * who favours 

 their deposition by floating ice, and Fox Strangways.^ H. F. 

 Parsons^" has described sections in the Escrick drift; Otherwise 

 the published information deals rather with the distribution of the 

 drifts than with their composition and structure. I have recently 



1 92 S.E., 1879, p. 12. 



2 j^5,^ Geol. Surv., 96 N.W. and S.W., 1886, p. 55. 



3 Geol. Riv. E. Yorkshire, 1901, p. 17. 



4 Proc. Yorks. Geol. and P. Soc, xii, 1893, p. 311 



5 Ibid. 



« Geol. Rivers, E. Yorks., 1901, p. 17. 



"' Presid. Addr. Brit. Assoc, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1910, p. 26. 



8 Proc. Yorks. Geol. and Poly. Soc, N.S., vii, pp. 421-39, pi. xxiii. 



9 3Iem. Geol. Surv., 93 N.E., 1884, pp. 28-30. 



1" Proc Yorks. Geol. and Poly. Soc, vi, 1878, pp. 214-38. 



