The Carhoniferoiis Limestone of West Cumberland. 119 



Thickness. ft. in. 

 Thin beds of calcite-mudstone containing Spirorbis-like annelids 

 alternating with unfossiliferous black shales and dark limestones 

 containing fish -teeth remains and ostracods . . . . 14 



Dark blue-grey limestone ........ 1 



Black shales finely laminated containing laraellibranchs : 



Aviculopecte?} cf. plano-clathralus McCoy, Modiola sp. . . 4 



Limestone breccia ......... 2 



Dark sandy shale ......... 1 



Sandy " rolls " in shale ........ 1 



Top of thick dolomitized limestone, with standard marine fauna. 



Total thickness of shallow- v/atef phase . . . . 14 9 



The Beds between the Fifth and Sixth Limestonks, Stockhow 

 Hall Quarry, Kirkland. 

 The Fifth Limestone, a massive blue-grey limestone, rests upon : — 



Thickness, ft. 



Mottled sandy shale, passing upwards into a fissile micaceous sandstone 

 with plant impressions, " fucoid " markings, and worm-tracks, etc. ; 

 ironntone nodules ......... 6 



Argillaceous limestone with few macroscopic fossils ; some small 



gastcropods and ostracods ........ 5 



Black shale or mudstone with ironstone and calcareous nodules . . 1 



Impure limestone, domolitic, with few fossils (coral fragments and 



Froduclus) ........... 1 



Black finely laminated shale, very fossiliferous ; Choyietes cf. hardrensis 

 (Phill.) and Ch. cf. laquessiana de Kon. in great abundance. Some 

 layers contain many Pterinopecten cf. dumontianu.t McCoy, whilst 

 others are packed with Leptcena analoga (Phill.) and Productus 

 longispinus Phill., Fentstella sp., and many other fossils ... 5 



Impure limestone with Lilho-strution junceum and S'jringopora sp. . . 4 



Argillaceous limestone with Pse.phodus magnus McCoy and other fish- 



remains ; rests upon the thicker beds of the Sixth Limestone . . 1 



Algal Bands. 



Limestones composed partly of material wliick may be referred 

 with, more or less certainty to calcareous algae occur at several 

 levels in the West Cumberland series, but there are four principal 

 horizons that may be noticed. 



The uppermost occurs about midway in the Fourth Limestone, 

 immediately below the limestone with Saccammina Carteri Brady. 

 At Postlethwaite's Eskett Quarry, Frizington, where it is best 

 developed, the greater part is a band of porcellanous limestone 

 about 2 to 3 feet thick, with conchoidal fracture and containing 

 hematite-stained spots about 1 inch in diameter. Separating 

 this from the massive standard limestone above is about 3 inches 

 of dark shale with plant impressions, whilst below it is another 

 shale or mudstone, 6 inches thick, underlain by a nodular bed, 

 about 2 feet thick, the nodules of which when broken show red 

 spots like those in the band above. Under the microscope the band 

 consists of masses of dense cloudy calcite with interstitial calcite- 

 mosaic, but in the absence of concentric or tubular structures these 

 masses cannot be referred definitely to algae. 



About 100 feet below this band and still iia the Fourth Limestone 



