324 



James PheTnister — 



possibly 



Small gravel 



Sand with shell fragments 



Gravel . 



Coarse sand with shell fragments and coaly layers 



Coarse gravel, mostly subangular 



Small gravel .... 



Loam, hidden by talus 



Red clay .... 



Brown clay .... 



False bedded sand with shelly and coaly layers 



Coarse gravel with worn facetted stones of large size (8 in.) 



Fine gravel 



Small gravel . 



Very fine gravel 



The thicknesses are approximate. 



15 ft. 



5 ft. 

 2|ft. 

 J ft. 



3 ft. 

 Sin. 



4 in. 

 2 ft. 

 4 ft. 

 2iit. 



-\ ft. 

 2 ft. 



The section doe? not persist across the ridge, for the 4 feet of coarse 

 gravel gives place on the right to sand of a uniformly fine character 

 without shell fragments. Also the seam of clay dies out on the right. 

 But the section towards the right edge is obscured by debris. 



Analysis of the gravel (pebbles of 2 in. diameter being selected) 

 shows that the great majority are subangular, about 20 per cent 

 rounded and 10 per cent angular. No pebbles bearing striae were 

 found. The small pebbles (1 in. and under) are generally rounded and 

 pebbles of stratified rock are worn to discs. The pebbles include : — 



Limestones, crinoidal, magnesian, cementstone. 



Sandstone, white, purple, yellow, and compact white Jurassic. 



Flint, black, white, and waxy-looking. 



Basalts, compact to porphyritic, fresh to rotten. 



Andesites, chocolate coloured. 



Quartzites, schists, fine green grit. 



Chalk in very small quantity. 



Coal and coaly shale. 



Fossils including Gryphcea, ammonite, belemnite. 



I am indebted to Mr. G. W. Tyrrell, F.G.S., of Glasgow 

 University, for identifying the following among the igneous rocks : 

 Quartz-porphyries, fclstone, felspar-porphyry, all probably from 

 Cheviot Old Eed Sandstone igneous region, pink granites probably 

 not Scottish, hornblende -schist, hornblendite, augite- porphyry, 

 lamprophyre, aplite, a syenitic rock, and several red and dark-green 

 rhomb-porphyries. There is also a basalt which strongly resembles 

 an essexite-basalt from Grorud, Norway, but may be an 

 uncommon variety of Scottish Carboniferous basalt. According to 

 the workmen coal is found all through the gravel, and as the section 

 shows also form.s layers. Judging from its poor quality it has 

 probably been derived from Jurassic coal seams. Similar layers of 

 coaly material are common in the kames of Carstairs. 



Stratification and Bedding. 



The section shown by the Coneygarth Hill pit is transverse to 

 the ridge and the looseness of the material causes angles to crumble 



