326 Notes on the Brandesburton Kame, Yorkshire. 



The clay dips towards and is streaked out against the fault. 

 There is no distortion of the beds, but a gentle waviness has been 

 introduced such as might be produced by a slip of material whilst 

 still wet and plastic. Possibly the thinning out and droop of the 

 clay and the replacement of one bed by another in the Coney garth 

 Hill pit is due to a similar cause, the fault itself being hidden in the 

 debris. 



The gravel in this pit has the same composition as that of Coney- 

 garth Hill and a rhomb-porphyry was found here also. 



Mammoth bones have been recorded from the Brandesburton 

 gravels/ but the writer found no bones, and no shells except the 

 waterworn fragments in the shell sand. Among the pebbles were 

 found an ammonite, a Gryphcea, and a belemnite, all well waterworn. 



SUMMAEY. 



1 . The direction of the ridge is roughly parallel to the line of the 

 moraine in Holderness as sketched by Carvill Lewis. 



2. The material of the gravels is ice-collected, but is well water- 

 worn though not rounded. The bulk of the pebbles are of north- 

 eastern England and Yorkshire origin, and a small proportion of 

 Scandinavian rocks is present. 



3. The stratification is horizontal and current bedding is frequent. 



4. There is no seasonal banding nor any alternations of broad and 

 narroM parts along the length of the ridge. 



Conclusion. 



From the evidence which I have been able to collect, the ridge 

 is therefore probably a kame of fluvioglacial character. That it is 

 surrounded by " carr " land on both sides points to its having been 

 formed in a sheet of water. The parallel sides are probably due to 

 slipping along planes parallel to the length, and this would also 

 explain the existence of the small parallel mounds previously 

 mentioned. The talus produced by the slipping would soon be 

 spread evenly over the floor. 



The composition of the gravels indicates that the streams which 

 deposited the kame were fed by Cheviot ice which had probably 

 overridden deposits previously formed by the Scandinavian ice. 



In conclusion T must express my great indebtedness to 

 Professor J. W. Gregory, F.E.S., who pointed out the work and was 

 always ready with helpful saggestions. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE XV. 

 Fig-. 1. — The low ridge of the kame is dimly seen in the foreground, runs 



through Coneygarth Hill, and sweeps round to the right, causing the rise 



on which the Starcarr Gate houses stand. 

 Fig. 2. — The section is across the kame. Note the horizontal bedding, and 



the gravel at the base and top. The sand is seen on the right centre, 



and the thin clay band lies at the foot of the talas above the centre line 



of the photograph. 



^ John Phillips, Illustrations of Yorkshire Geology, pt. i, p. 22, 1835. 



