372 Dr. E. Greenly— 



are horse, bear, wolf, fox, Arctic fox (?), rabbit (?), four species of 

 vole, Norway lemmiiig (?), with twenty-four species of birds 

 (including eagle, buzzard, heron, gull, and cormorant). Four fish 

 vertebrae were also found. Mr. Newton's reserve as to the Norway 

 lemnrung is on account of the lack of jaws and teeth, but he finds 

 that " a goodly number " of limb-bones agree with those of that 

 species. Of the larger vertebrates, the most numerous are horse, 

 bear, and wolf, but more abundant than either are the voles. None 

 of the birds are individually numerous. A. curious and intere.'^ting 

 circumstance is that the bears were frequently afflicted with osteo- 

 arthritis. 



The molluscan forms are — ■ 



Hygromia hisjnda (Linn.). 

 Ilelicella virgata (Da Costa). 

 Helix aspersci Miill. 

 Pupilla muscorum (Linn.). 

 Succi7iea putris (Linn.). 



Of these the miost abundant forms are Hygromia hispida (very 

 plentiful) and Pupilla muscorum, which are so characteristic of all 

 late Pleistocene deposits. Helix asjiersa is known from the Pleistocene 

 of Chudleigh, South Devon, and Helicella virgata from the Pleistocene 

 of Santon, North Devon, and Chudleigh, South Devon. All are from 

 Holly Lane except H. aspersa, which was only found at Highdalo 

 !Road., where I think it was in situ. A single specimen of Litorina 

 ohtus'jia (named by Mr. Newton) is also reported from a former 

 collection. There are no determinable plant-remams. 



Reviewing the character of the fauna, we see that the presence 

 of the few sea-birds is easily understood at a position so near to the 

 sea ; while the four fish-bones and the doubtful Litorina could easily 

 have been brought l^y the large carnivorous birds. All the rest are 

 land-forms, and it is evident that the fauna, both molluscan and 

 vertebrate, is thoroughly terrestrial. 



With regard to mode of occurrence, the mollusca have been found 

 in the loamy sand outside the cave. The greater number of the 

 vertebrates were obtained inside the cave, but they were also 

 plentiful outside, though alivays immediately against the crag, the 

 vole-jaws often in small crannies thereof. Close to the cave's mouth 

 one vole-jaw was found by Mr. Male within th.^ neural canal of a 

 horse's vertebra. With one or two exceptions the bones were all 

 detached and jumbled up tumultuously together, much as are the 

 blocks in the breccias in which they were contained. 



No certain signs of the presence of man have been detected, 

 though carefully sought for duruig the excavations; but some bones 

 are doubtfully regarded as human by Professor Boyd Dawkins. In 

 1917, however, I obtamed at Holly Lane a slab of Coal Measure sand- 

 stone an inch thick and weighing 1 lb. 14 oz. It was undoubtedly 

 embedded ia the upper band of breccia, for it left a clean smooth 



