Reviews — Eocene Mollusca frovi Nigeria. 379 



mines to the First, Second, and Third Annies. In September, 1916, 

 he became general geological adviser on mining matters at G.H.Q. 

 These two officers, with Lieut. Loftus Hills, of the Tasmanian 

 Survey, and two other Australian tunnelling officers, formed the 

 whole geological stafi up to the Armistice. It is to be noted that 

 from April, 1915, to May, 1916, Captain King was the only official 

 geologist on the whole Western Front. 



The book before us contains an excellent and interesting account 

 of different kinds of work carried out by these officers, under the 

 general headings of Water Supply, Mining, Field Positions, Eoad 

 Metal, Concrete, Coal Mines, Dug-outs, and others. The importance 

 of water supplv to an army is obvious, and this subject is well dealt 

 with here. This should be read in connexion with Captain King's 

 paper in the Geographical Journal for October, 1919. Both in mining 

 and in the construction of dug-outs one of the most important 

 points is the avoidance of water-bearing strata and a knowledge of 

 the position of the water-table at different times of the year. Much 

 information is also given as to boring plants adapted for test-bores 

 for these special purposes. Another interesting and unusual subject 

 here dealt with is the effect of shell-holes on the superficial deposits 

 of areas where it was desired to put down a barrage in order to 

 ascertain whether the barrage would stop our own advance by 

 rendering the surface impossibly wet and full of water-holes. For 

 this and innumerable other purposes geological maps were needed, 

 and much valuable help was received from French and Belgian 

 geologists. 



In conclusion some particulars are given of the geological establish- 

 ments of the German and American armies, and a suggestion is 

 drawn up for an adequate British geological staff, E.E., in any 

 future war. The total personnel suggested for G.H.Q. and five 

 armies numbers twenty-seven. Although it is not considered 

 necessary to maintain a regular geological staff in peace time, yet 

 facilities should exist, by keeping touch with H.M. Geological Survey, 

 to bring such an organization into existence at the shortest notice 

 in any emergency, since the existence of an adequate geological 

 staff from the beginning of any war would be the means of saving 

 much life, labour, and expense. 



We rejoice that this book has been piiblished as a permanent 

 record of the brilliant work performed by the British geologists on 

 the Western Front. 



Eocene Mollusca from Nigeria. By R. B. Newton. Bull. 3, 

 Geol. Survey of Nigeria, pp. 148, with a Map and 11 Plates. 

 Published by the Nigerian Government, 1922. Price 17s. %d. net. 

 fTHIS forms a general account of several collections made during 

 -*- 1914 to 1917 from Ameki, about 60 miles north-west of Calabar. 

 A Zeuglodont, leathery turtle, and carinate bird from this deposit 

 have already been described by Dr. Andrews, some fish remains by 



