Pliocene and Early Pleistocene Mammalia, E. Anglia. 435 



Crag near that city. There is no Crag on the coast (except the 

 Weybourn Crag) and the Mastodon has been found on this coast only 

 near Norwich, in the Norwich Crag, which is quite distinct from the 

 Weybourn Crag. The mammals and shells in the Norwich Crag are 

 of a different period altogether. The Red Crag does not occur upon 

 the coast of Cromer. It is found chiefly in Suffolk, where it rests 

 upon the London Clay. Between the Red and the Weybourn Crags 

 the Norwich Crag occurs. 



" The lowest division of the Forest Bed series, i.e. the Lower 

 Freshwater Bed, is only known from cakes of peat thrown up on the 

 beach after storms. I believe there was a fragment of it showing 

 years ago at low-water between East Runton and Cromer, a tough 

 greenish clay resting on the Chalk, with a few fish-bones in it. It is 

 either washed away or out to sea and not uncovered by the tide, as 

 I have not seen it for many years. The Forest Bed on the foreshore 

 at East Runton is often so mixed up with the shelly Weybourn Crag 

 that it is very difficult to say which bed the bones are in. The vole, 

 shrew, myogale, and other small forms are rarely found. The 

 Weybourn Crag rests on a layer of large flints which are embedded 

 in the Chalk. 



" The Upijer Freshwater Bed, West Runton, contains nearly all 

 the Forest Bed land niammals, but only fragments of elephants' 

 teeth, and up to the present no hippopotamus. 



" The divisions of the Forest Bed do not occur in the cliflfs at 

 Cromer. Clement Reid shows only the Contorted Drift above the 

 Pliocene beds at Cromer. 



" The Chalky Boulder-clay, which in point of time comes after the 

 Boulder gravels, does not occur in the cliffs of the Norfolk coast. 



'■ The Arctic Freshwater Bed {Leda mijalis) is on the approximate 

 level of ordinary high tide." 



Past and Present Faunal Lists op Crag and Forest Bed 

 Vertebrates. 



The accompanying faunal lists are those derived from the valuable 

 papers of Lvdekker (1886. 1887, 1891), Newton (1880, 1887, 1890), 

 Reid (1890),''Leney (1902), Hinton (1902-1914), a bibliography of the 

 latter being given at the close of this paper. Most complete and most 

 recent is the list prepared at the Avriter's request by Mr. A. C. Savin, 

 largely based on his own collections and observations and carefully 

 classified. To this list have been prefixed certain notes on synonymy 

 according to American usage. This list is also amplified by a number 

 of faunistic insertions kindly entered by Mr. Hinton, which are 

 placed in square brackets []. 



The writer is greatly indebted to the authorities of the British 

 Museum, and especially to Mr. Martin A. C. Hinton, for the valuable 

 notes, comments, and additions which he has inserted throughout 

 the text, each of these notes being accompanied in the present 

 printing by his initials (M. A. C. H.). 



