440 Henry Fairfield shorn — 



the first Scandinavian glaciation, which has no parallel in southern 

 France or in northern Italy. 



(4) The survival from the Red and Norwich Crags in the Forest 

 Bed of warm temperate types, such, as Elephas meridionalis, E. 

 antiquus, Hycena striata, Rhinoceros etruscus, Equus stenonis, 

 Machcerodus, is exactly paralleled by the same genera and species 

 occurring in southern France and northern Italy during the long, 

 warm First Interglacial period. During this period there appear 

 for the first time in Great Britain certain African types, like 

 the Hippopotamus, and there become more abundant in Great Britain 

 the African elephant type, Elephas (Loxodonta) antiquus, as well as 

 the Hyoena. 



(5) Both in northern Italy and in East Anglia the forests become 

 filled with a highly varied cervine fauna, including a great variety 

 of species of deer. There is also a rich rodent fauna, and forest 

 types of carnivores like the bear. 



The Red and Norwich Crags and the successive faunal divisions 

 of the Weybourn and Forest Bed wholly justify the conclusion of 

 James Geikie that we have abundant proofs in East Anglia of the 

 close of Pliocene and of the beginning of Pleistocene conditions. 

 Man appears in Britain under true Tertiary conditions of the climate, 

 of the fauna, of the flora. Two points are clearly established : — 



First : The discovery of remains of human (Foxhallian) industry 

 within and beneath the Red Crag adds the highest Primate to this 

 fauna, namely, a species of man probably referable either to Homo 

 or to Eoanthropus, as made known through the researches of J. Reid 

 Moir and E. Ray Lankester. Second : The next appearance of man 

 is in the Cromerian industry of the base of the Forest Bed, 

 immediately overlying the Weybourn, also made known through the 

 researches of Moir and of Lankester. This is no longer Tertiary man, 

 but Quaternary man, found with a true Lower Quaternary fauna 

 and flora closely comparable to that of southern France and of the 

 40th parallel in the United States. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



Adams, A. Leith. 



1877-81. " Monograph on the British Fossil Elephants," pp. 1-265, 

 pis. i-xxviii, 4to, London. 

 Andrews, C. W. 



1922. "Note on a Bear {Ursus savini sp.n.) from the Cromer Forest- 

 Bed " : Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (9), ix, pp. 204-7. 

 Dawkins, W. Boyd. 



1872. " On the Cervidse of the Forest-Bed of Norfolk and Suffolk " : 

 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, xxviii, pp. 405-10. 

 Deperet, Charles. 



1890. " Les Animaux PlioceneV du Roussillon " : Mem. Soc. Geol. de 

 France, Paleontologie, Mem. No. 3. 

 Geikie, Archibald. t 



1882. " Text-Book of Geology " : Macmillan & Co., London. 

 HiNTON, Martin A. C. 



1902. " Note on the Occurrence of Microtus intermedius in, the Pleistocene 

 Deposits of the Thames Valley" (with Gilbert White) : Proc. 

 Geol. Assoc, xvii, pp. 414, 415. ' -i 



