Whitaker— On Whitecliff Bay. 69 
These are also separated, I believe, by washing; and the water 
used in the. process, containing a large quantity of yellow or 
red ochre, is collected in a reservoir, where the ochre subsides, 
and, when accumulated in sufficient quantity, it is smelted for 
iron in small furnaces on the spot. Hence it will be seen that 
nothing is allowed to run to waste; and on this, in some mea- 
sure, depends the economic success of the undertaking. 
The process by which the copper is separated from the sand, 
and thrown down in a metallic state, is very beautiful, and pro- 
bably the only one by which the result could be accomplished 
successfully in a commercial point of view, as its average percent- 
age of oreis not more than 2°5. The rock is macerated in a solu- 
tion of muriatic acid, filtered, and ‘ the copper-liquor, of arich 
sap-green colour, 1s pumped into reservoirs of wood. Into 
these old scrap-iron is thrown, and the acid, leaving the copper, 
seizes the iron, which it dissolves, while the copper is precipi- 
tated in a metallic state. On the completion of the process, the 
residuum, consisting of 80 parts of copper and 20 of iron, is col- 
lected and sent in sacks to St. Helen’s and Swansea to be 
smelted. 
Alderley is not the only district where the New Red Sand- 
stone produces copper; but itis the only place, I believe, where 
it has been worked in that rock with profit. The ore has been 
extracted along the east side of the Peckforton Hills, at Grin- 
shill, and near Ashbourn; but in none of these places is there 
such a variety or richness of mineral products as at Alderley. 
V. On somE EVIDENCE OF THERE BEING A REVERSAL OF THE BEDS 
NEAR WHITECLIFF Bay, Iste or WIGHT. 
By Wri11am Wuiraker, B.A., F.G.S., of the Geological Survey of Great Britain. 
N the well-known section at Whitecliff Bay the Chalk and 
the various Tertiary beds are seen to succeed one another 
in regular order northwards; and the dip, at first very high, 
so that the beds are almost vertical, decreases in that direction. 
The Reading Beds, which here come next to the Chalk and 
consist wholly of brightly-coloured plastic clays of far more 
than the usual thickness, are followed by the brown London 
Clay, with its more sandy basement-bed. This last formation 
is also sandy towards the top, and indeed passes upwards into 
the grey loamy base of the Lower Bagshot Sand. Further up 
in the Lower Bagshot there is some brown finely bedded clay, 
not so stiff as the London Clay however. 
This short description of part of the cliff-section is enough 
