90 Reports and Proceedings. 
abandoned peataries, it has been calculated that there is a vertical 
growth of about one foot in a century. 
Much speculation there has been as to the origin of the Kaims. 
Dr. Buckland thought they were moraines of a glacier; but the 
water-worn materials of which they are composed, and their distinct 
stratification, as well as the alternations of coarse gravel and fine 
sands, upset this notion. Similar but much smaller ridges occur in 
Northumberland; and there they are connected with the Boulder- 
clay, and contain polished and scratched blocks. Similar instances 
of ice-action will probably be found in the lower deposits of the 
Kaim, which have not yet been sufficiently examined. There were 
found, however, in a railway-cutting, eastward of Greenlaw, gravel 
and sand deposits similar to those in the Kaim, and among these 
was detected one large block distinctly polished and striated. ‘These 
Kaims, therefore, may be of the same age as the Boulder-clay; but 
it is difficult to account for their ridge-form, as seen in Berwickshire. 
A paper on these Kaims, by Mr. William Stevenson, president, 
was read after the examination in the field was finished; and he is 
of opinion that they were formed of materials deposited under the 
waters of the sea, when it stood relatively about 700 feet above its 
present level, these materials having been subsequently shaped into 
their present form by the action of tidal and other currents during 
the emergence of the land. 
Another paper by Mr. William Stevenson, on traces of a forma- 
tion of Primary Quartz-rock in the South of Scotland, was read. 
The author concludes, from the occurrence of large quantities of 
water-worn Quartz-pebbles in certain localities, that, prior to the 
deposition of the Old Red Conglomerate, there existed in the 
Western parts of Berwickshire and Roxburghshire at least two or 
more patches or insulated portions of an older formation of Quartz- 
rock, of which there is not now seen a vestige in situ. 
Mr. George Tate, secretary, laid before the meeting sketches, sent 
by Captain Oswald Carr, R.A., of sculptures on Rock-temples in 
Malta, of prehistoric age. They have some analogy to the peculiar 
sculptured rocks of Northumberland; but, as Mr. Tate explained, 
they resembled more the sculptures on cromlechs in Brittany, and on 
the sepulchral chamber at New Grange in Ireland. He would at an 
early day lay before the Club the result of his long researches among 
the sculptured stones of prehistoric age on the Borders.—G. T. 
Tue Third General Field-meeting of the Brtrast FIELp- 
Naturatists’ Ctus was held on the 25th of June, at Greyabbey, 
Co. Down. Botanically, the district proved to be of high interest, 
but the principal point of attraction was the ruins of the Abbey, 
founded A.p. 1199. Greyabbey is situated upon the Lower Silurian 
clay-schists.* The quarries at Mount Stewart had been worked for 
* These are overlain by the upper members of the Old Red Sandstone. These 
latter beds have been bored at Mount Stewart to a depth of 567 feet in search of 
coal! The former at Tullygarvan, near Ballygowan, are somewhat bituminous, 
and contain one or two species of Didymograpsus ; and they also, and that very 
recently, have been sunk into in search of coal !—R. T, 
