Phillips— Geological Address. bes 
expect from deep wells at Rugby as compared with those of Man- 
chester,—at the former place the New Red Sandstone is reduced to a 
minimum, and the lower red marls and sandstone (Permian) hold 
comparatively little water. ‘The varying inclinations of these at- 
tenuated strata, more or less disturbed, at different places, complicate 
the conditions of local water-supply; but with the maps and sections 
of the Geological Survey in hand, the engineer has (or ought to have) 
little difficulty in avoiding errors and securing the object in view. 
Mr. Hull has carefully worked out, and drawn especial attention 
to, this south-easterly thinning-out of the Triassic and overlying 
formations, as may be seen by his paper on the subject in the Quart. 
Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xvi. p.63; and the memoir before us cleverly 
adapts his facts and theory to practical uses. 
REPORTS AND PROCEEDINGS. 
— + 
ApprEss TO THE SECTION oF GroLoGy AT THE OPENING OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH 
Mertine or tHe British Association, IN Batu, Sepremper 15, 1864. By Joun 
Puirrires, Esq., M.A., LL.D., F.RS., F.G.S., Professor of Geology in the Uni- 
versity of Oxford. 
HE age of geological discovery is, by many persons, thought to 
have passed away with Hutton and Werner, Humboldt and Von 
Buch, Smith and Cuvier, Conybeare and Buckland, Forbes and De 
la Beche; and they regard as almost final the honoured researches of 
Sedgwick and Murchison and Lyell. Yet in this very district, the 
most carefully examined perhaps of all the richly fossiliferous tracts 
of England, our friend Mr. C. Moore is finding a multitude of in- 
teresting forms of life of the later Triassic age, and is thus enriching 
in an unexpected manner the catalogue of fossils in Britain. Nor is 
the practical application of our science less actively exercised. In 
this very district Mr. Sanders has just completed that admirable 
survey of the strata on the large scale of four inches to a mile, and 
showing every field, which is suspended before you. Sir R. Mur- 
chison has informed us of the further proof of the extension of coal 
under the Permians of Nottinghamshire; and at this very meeting 
we receive through the same channel, from Mr. M‘Kenzie, the news 
of the finding of an additional bed of coal in Australia, thirty miles 
from any former known site of coal, the bed being 88 feet thick and 
of good quality. 
Nothing is better settled than the series of great events in our 
geological history; yet even now we are rejoicing over the large 
addition made to this history by the discovery of the richly fossil- 
iferous beds of St. Cassian and Koéssen, by which the Triassic fauna 
is enlarged, and the means of comparing Paleozoic and Mesozoic life 
augmented by some hundreds of forms, including some genera of the 
older, and others of the newer systems. The Director of the National 
Survey has decided to give to these strata in England and Wales a 
distinct colour on his map and a definite name (the Penarth beds). 
But a few years since, the varied strata of marine and freshwater 
