244 Discovery of a Cranium of Elephas primigenius. 
earth; for it was found upon the same level in the pit, but nearly 20 
feet from the cranium to which it belongs. 
The cranium itself is nearly entire, the upper portion only of the 
left side having received an injury from the stroke of a pick or spade 
when the workmen first came near it. 
The tusks measure 8 feet 8 inches from the point to the insertion 
into the socket (on the outside curve); the length concealed within 
the socket being more than 18 inches. ‘The flexure of the tusks is 
very remarkable; but it is impossible in a single representation to 
convey anything more than a very faint conception of their actual 
contour. An examination, however, of the specimens from Eschscholtz 
Bay, upon the top of the wall-case in the VIth Room of the Geolo- 
gical Gallery, may help to elucidate this remarkable feature in the 
Mammoth. 
It will take some months to saturate the entire cranium in gelatine, 
and much careful work to repair all the tiny loose fragments and 
complete the development of the specimen. 
The measurements we have taken are as follows :— 
From the top of the cranium to the end of the socket 
of the tusk : é : : ‘ 4 feet. 
From the frontal bone to the occipital j : -|. 8) amehess 
Breadth at the orbital bones : : 20 pinches: 
Breadth at the condyles, upper end of the zygomatic 
arch . : : ‘ . «| 2a inches: 
Length of the zyg omatic ar ch : : : - 10 inches. 
Length of the socket of tusk : 18 inches. 
From the occipital oe to the front of the 
palate : - © 21 sainches: 
Length of the grinding | sur face of the upper molars 64 inches. 
From the occipital to the top of the cranium ; 20) inches: 
Length of tusk from the point to the alveolus 
(outer CUEVE) ai. : . 8 feet 8 inches. 
Circumference at 1 foot fr om the socket é - 26° inches. 
Length of the detached tusk (including 1 foot 10 
inches which would have been enclosed in the bony 
socket) : : ° : ‘ $ 10 feet 6 inches. 
A tusk belonging toa very young Elephant was found in the same 
pit by one of the men; it measures 9 inches in length, and is perfect! 
Mr. Prestwich, who visited the spot with me, has kindly added a 
Note upon the geological position of these remains. 
Britisu Musrum. Henry WoopwaArb. 
Tur Brick-EartH with Evepuant Remains at Inrorp. 
He brick pits of Ilford have been long celebrated for their 
Mammalian remains. The one best known is about a quarter of 
a mile beyond Ilford, on the left-hand side of the high-road from 
London to Ipswich. It was in this pit that the nearly entire skeleton 
of an Elephant was found half a century ago. Another pit, now 
closed, was formerly worked on the left- hand side near the top 
