The Ilford Brick-earth with Elephant Remains. 245 
of the lane leading to Barking. The pit in which the skull of the 
Mammoth has now been found is situated on the right-hand side, 
a short distance farther down the same lane. The ground forms a 
low terrace, bordering the small river Roding, on the one side, and 
on the other it slopes gradually down to the Thames. The height 
of the surface of the ground at the pit is about 28 feet above the 
Thames. (T. H. W. M.) 
The lower part of the section at this pit consists of marl and 
light yellow sands, interstratified with a few thin seams of gravel, 
the whole resting on London clay. Land and fresh-water Shells are 
common in places, and include several species of Unio, Anodon, 
Limnea, Helix, &c.; but the species which particularly abound inthis 
pit are Cyrena fluminalis and 
Felix nemoralis, the latter often Surface-soil, 1 ft. 6 in, 
showing its colour-bands. The 
Mammalian remains are dispersed 
chiefly in the sand and thin patches Clay with rolled pebbles and 
oferavel lyme /on the bottom — Pecks oF tare, 61.0 n- 
marl, They are generally very 
friable, and often very ferruginous. 
Fine fragments of the antlers of panes, ferrusious Snel aa 
3 aminated sand, with occa- 
the large variety of Cervus elaphus — gonalthin partings of clay 
have often been found, together and patches of white sand, 
fs with rolled pebbles, shells 
with numerous molars of the nar- of Unio, Anodon, and Cy- 
CW = i ie rena, and Mammalian Re- 
tow-tooth variety of Elephas pri- yore, one eae contains 
MUG ENUS, and bones and teeth of seams of brick-earth much 
A < es % valued for making white 
Rhinoceros, Bos, Equus, &c: Last tricks (‘facings’) of the 
year the tusk of an Elephant, 4 ft. oO BU ey ade ee 
‘ aig rs 8 s mark 
11 in. long, was found within a few os in section ; and eating 
yards of where the skull has since ©» this the remains of Ele- 
5 phas primigenius were found, 
been discovered. Thickness, 1] ft. 
‘ as) sie q White sand, with angular~ 
This series of fossiliferous sands, GHAlKSHiNte onoute ab oO EE 
clays, and gravels belongs to the © from the surface, but is not 
Quaternary” low - level. valley- Worked 
er avels of the Thames Valley, and Section at the Uphall Brickfield, Ilford, Essex. 
is of late Post-pliocene age. It is here overlain by a variable and 
irregular bed of non-fossiliferous brown clay, mixed with more or 
less gravel, and not stratified. This is the character the ‘ Loess’ 
puts on at this spot, where it is formed of reconstructed London Clay 
and of gravel derived partly from the Boulder-clay. Farther on 
to the eastward of Ilford the Loess assumes its finer and better 
known aspect, and is largely worked as a brick-earth. There a few 
Shells (chiefly Suceinea) are found in it, here none. 
I do not go into fuller details, as I shall have occasion to give 
fo) ’ 
these various sections when treating of the Quaternary beds of the 
Thames Valley. I trust, however, that the above short notice will 
suffice to show the geological position of the fine specimen so suc- 
cessfully secured for the British Museum. JosepH PRESTWICH. 
10, Kent Terrace, N.W.: Océ, 18, 1864. 
