36 Reviews — Prof. T. G. Bonney — Rain and Rivers. 



Normandy, the first Cheilostomes are found in the Cretaceous and 

 never are abundant until the Cenoraanian ; they are at their maximum 

 to-day. It is pi'obable that they too had an independent origin from 

 the Oyclostoraata. The diagram on p. .")5 suggests these reUition- 

 ships; the divergence of the lines from the normal represents 

 a corresponding degree of specialization; and the transverse lines 

 show the point at which the group reached its maximum. 



I have attempted in this review to bring Cuming's paper into 

 relation with the general question of Polyzoan relationship and to 

 demonstrate its importance to the .subject at large. It appears to be 

 a distinct forward step, and in its far-reaching results has a right to 

 be considered a very marked success of the onto- or rather in this 

 case the asto-genetic method. 



W. D. Lang. 



II, — The Work of Kain and Riveks. Ey T. G. Bonney, Sc.D., 

 LL.D., F.R.S. 8vo ; 144 pages, with 19 text-illustrations. 

 Cambridge: at the University Press, 1912. Price Is. net. 



rMHE aims of the Cambridge Manuals of Science and Literature are 

 JL by now become fairly widely known, and the present volume is 

 likely to be successful in rendering available to persons of ordinary 

 education a digest of observations made during many years by the 

 "veteran tourist", Professor Bonney. As the author tells us, the 

 volume is not calculated to contain new informittion, but his authority 

 and experience, it may be added, are a sufficient guarantee that 

 nothing of essential importance has been omitted. Four chapters are 

 devoted to the subject of " Rain and Rivers", and a fifth is a resume 

 of the history of " Man's Learning of Nature's Lesson ". 



In " Carving and Carrying", as the first chapter is termed, we find 

 reference to tlie familiar 'pipes' in the Chalk and to operations of 

 meteoric agents on a small scale, such as may commonly be seen in all 

 parts of England. Por many of his illustrative examples, however, 

 the author takes us farther afield, andnot unnaturally makes frequent 

 reference to the Alps.^ It is possible, indeed, that the detailed 

 descriptions of some not generally well-known districts may fail to 

 commend themselves to the ordinary reader. In the case of a more 

 complicated topic like the history of a river-system it is an advantage, 

 as the author points out, to discuss foreign examples first, because 

 their history is " written inbolder characters and in plainer terras. . ." 

 The chapter on the making of valleys is a very clear exposition, and 

 contains a large amount of information. The following one, on 

 transport and deposit, furnishes various statistics of interest. 



The last chapter traces the history of " Man's Learning of Nature's 

 Lesson" from the times of Herodotus and Strabo through those of 

 Hutton and Playfair to the present day. In animadverting on the 

 work piiblished in 1857 by Colonel George Greenwood (the "father 

 of modern sub-aerialism " as Mackintosli styled him), Professor 



^ [See review of Professor Bonney's latest book, The Building of the Alps, 

 Geol. Mag., December, 1912, pp. 564-6.— Ed.] 



