Reforts & Proceedings — Geological Society of London. 93 



movements resulted in the formation of two large anticlinal folds. 

 The folding admitted of the intrusion of two masses of granite, and 

 the intrusion was accompanied by faulting of the rocks in the folds, 

 and by ' magmatic stoping ' on a large scale. 



The rocks affected by the folding are the E.aub Series of calcareous 

 rocks, and the Malayan Gondwana rocks, resting unconformably on 

 the Raub Series, and in many places faulted down against that series. 



The palaeontological evidence afforded by small collections from 

 the Raub Series cannot be reconciled with the field evidence. ISTo 

 fixed horizon has been discovered in these rocks, which may be either 

 Carboniferous or Permo-Carboniferous. Associated with the Raub 

 Series are volcanic rocks, which are evidence of contemporaneous 

 submarine eruptions. The eruptions continued into later times. 



At the base of the Gondwana rocks are glacial deposits that may 

 be referred to the same liorizon as the late Palaeozoic glacial deposits 

 of Peninsular India, the Salt Range, Australia, and South Africa, 

 but this liorizon cannot be defined exactly in the terms of the 

 European sequence. Its presence shows that the Raub Series must 

 be older than the Productus beds of the Salt Range, or equivalent to 

 the shales below the boulder-bed in the trans-Indus section of the 

 Salt Range. 



The glacial deposits are succeeded by littoral deposits, and far to 

 the east of the glacial deposits a Rhsetic horizon has been described 

 in them by Mr. R. B. Newton, and named by him the Myophorian 

 Sandstone. To account for the a{)parent discrepancy in age between 

 the climatic horizon afforded by the glacial deposits and the 

 Myophorian Sandstone, an hypothesis has been adopted to the effect 

 that the Malayan Gondwana rocks were deposited on the Gondwana- 

 land coastline as it moved slowly eastwards, probably with many 

 checks and oscillations. 



The glacial deposits show that this portion of the Gondwanaland 

 coast contained stanniferous granite and also much corundum. This 

 granite is called 'the Palaeozoic Granite', as distinguished from 

 ' the Mesozoic Granite ' ; it is not known in situ. The glacial deposits 

 are therefore part of a Palaeozoic tin-field, now being worked at the 

 same time as the stanniferous deposits derived from the Mesozoic 

 Granite. 



Denudation has brought to light the two great^ anticlinal folds 

 and the granite masses upon which they now rest. On the west is 

 the Main Range Anticline, on the east the Benom Anticline. The 

 eastern limb of the former and the western limb of the latter meet 

 in the Main Range Foothills. The eastern limb of the Benom Anti- 

 cline is formed by the main Gondwana outcrop, which includes the 

 highest peak in the Peninsula (Gunong Tahan, altitude 7,188 feet). 

 It is believed that this main Gondwana outcrop is continued through 

 the Peninsula to Singapore, and on to Banka and Billiton, where it 

 may turn so as to enter Western Borneo, forming an inner arc 

 roughly parallel with the outer volcanic arc of the Malay Archipelago 

 and the Philippines. 



The igneous rocks of the Benom Anticline are less acid than 

 those of the Main Range Anticline, and there is a corresponding 



