158 Henry Dewey — Raised Beach of North Devon. 



compared the deposits in which these remains were found with the 

 cemented sands overlying the raised beach south of the Bristol 

 Channel, and concluded that they were synchronous, and that the 

 animals of the caves formed an assemblage which was "the last one 

 of the Pleistocene fauna with the exception of that of the Rubble 

 Drift' or head ". Hence the sequence in Glamorgan in relation to 

 Palaeolithic man is as follows : — 



Recent head. 



Boulder-clay (glacial). 



Ancient head (Le Moustier and advancing cold). 



Cave sands, etc. (Chelles, warm temperate). 



Raised beach (cold). 



In the South of Ireland Wright & MufF (Maufe)^ recognized the 

 same sequence at many localities, but two Boulder-clays overlie the 

 head in superposition. The succession is therefore continuous from 

 Eastern Devon to the south-west of Ireland. If we compare it 

 with the one recognized on the coasts of Southern England we find 

 it persists as far east as Folkestone. We may note in reference to 

 climatic conditions that a fauna was found in tlie ' ancient head' of 

 Cawsand Bay near Plymouth, which includes Elephas primigenius 

 and Ilycena, while in a fissure near Plymouth these two forms were 

 associated with Rhinoceros tichorhimis, Rh. megarhinus, Cervus tarandus, 

 and Bos primigenius — forms which are characteristic of the ' head ' 

 further east. 



Sotithern Ungland. 



The raised beach deposits of the South of England have long 

 atti'acted attention, and have formed the subject of many contributions 

 to geological literature. The chief observers are Mantell, Godwin- 

 Austen, Prestwich, and Reid. In most cases where the beach is 

 preserved the sequence is curtailed, but instances are not wanting 

 where the several stages are recognizable. Thus we have — 



3. Coombe Rock or bead. 

 2. Clay or sands (temperate). 

 1. Raised beach. 



3. All observers agree in regarding the Coombe Rock and head 

 as being equivalent to one another, and there is no valid evidence 

 to the contrary. The Coombe Rock has a tolerably rich fauna and 

 one indicative of a cold climate. Moreover, it possesses a type of 

 palaeolithic implement by which its place in the Palaeolithic sequence 

 can be identified. I refer to the well-known Le Moustier type. These 

 have been found abundantly in Coombe Rock at several localities, 

 and at two overlying raised beach, namely at Sangatte near Calais 

 and at Portslade near Brighton, where the rock included a palaeolith 

 approaching the St. Acheul type. The associated fauna includes 

 JElephas primigenius, Hippopotamus, Rhinoceros tichorhimis, Cervus 

 tarandus, C. elaphus, Sus scrofa, JEquus cahallus. Bos, ITycena, etc. 

 Reid and others have called attention to the glacial character of the 



1 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. xlviii, p. 305, 1892. 



2 Sci. Proc. Roy. Dublin Soc, N.S., vol. x, pt. ii. No. 25, p. 250, 1904. 



