160 Henry Dewey — Raised Beach of North Devon. 



far is that a fauna closely related to that found with Chellean man 

 occurs above the raised beach of Glamorganshire and below the 

 'head'. No Chellean palaeoliths, however, have so far been found 

 with this fauna, and so a doubt remains. But there can be no 

 question as to its temperate character. The ' head ' has yielded 

 a fauna which is distinctive of Le Moustier times. Implements of 

 Le Moustier type have been found in association with it in Coombe 

 Rock both in England and France. The ' head ' is therefore of 

 Le Moustier period, in part at any rate, and this succeeds the supposed 

 Chelles fauna of Gower. 



Inland Localities. 



We may now turn to the evidence supplied by deposits containing 

 these palaeoliths at inland localities. Perhaps no better district could 

 be found where such Palaeolithic deposits occur than the Thames 

 Valley. We will, therefore, briefly consider the gravels of the Thames 

 Valley in relation to Palaeolithic man. 



Since the Chalky Boulder-clay was deposited the Thames has 

 eroded a wide channel during a succession of periods of activity 

 alternating with long periods of rest. The result is a series of 

 terraces at various heights above its present level. The highest 

 of these has been termed the 100 foot terrace, and it rests upon 

 Chalky Boulder-clay. The terrace is composed mainly of gravel 

 containing an abundance of unworn Palaeolithic implements of Chelles 

 type, associated with remains of mammalia. Hence the Chellean 

 period is later than the Chalky Boulder-clay. In making this statement 

 reliance has not been placed upon the evidence derived from the 

 Thames Valley alone, but also upon the known fact that wherever 

 Chellean implements are found in an area of Chalky Boulder-clay 

 they are always later than that deposit. The following instances 

 will suffice to verify the statement. At Biddenham,^ in Bedfordshire, 

 the River Ouse has cut a valley 60 feet deep through Boulder-clay, 

 and in its gravels palaeoliths of Chelles type occur abundantly. In 

 the classic localities of SuflPolk^ palaeoliths of both Chelles and 

 St. Acheul type occur in deposits overlying the Chalky Boulder-clay ; 

 while at Hoxne ^ the well-known section shows an infilled valley cut 

 in Boulder-clay with St. Acheul implements in its upper gravels. 

 The 100 foot terrace of the Thames is therefore Chellean and post- 

 Chalky Boulder-clay. After its deposition uplift occurred with 

 rejuvenescence of the river and its tributaries, which led to the 

 formation of another terrace after the river had cut down its channel 

 some 40 feet; this is the 50 foot terrace. Mr. A. M. Bell* has 

 described from the gravels of this terrace at Wolvercote, in Oxford- 

 shire, palaeoliths of late St. Acheul or Le Moustier type. These are 

 figured by Sollas * in Science Progress, and are associated with the 



^ J. Prestwicb, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. xvii, pp. 366-7, 1861. 

 - W. Allen Sturge, Proc. Prehist. Soc. E. Anglia, vol. i, pt. i, p. 43, 1912. 

 ^ C. Eeid, " Kelation of Palasolithic Man to the Glacial Epoch " : Eep. Brit. 

 Assoc, 1896, pp. 1-13. 



* Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. Ix, pp. 120-30, 1904. 

 ^ Scietice Progress, No. 15, 1910, p. 383. 



