Reviews — Professor Bonney's Volcanoes. 2*1 S 



of its occurrence, and its use, and illustrations of typical crystals or 

 specimens are in many cases included. The third part will be found 

 of great practical use. It includes descriptions of the apparatus and 

 reagents lequired for blowpipe work and simple chemical tests and 

 a series of useful tables. A well-arranged index enhances the value 

 of the book. 



IX. YOLCANOES : THEIH StEUCTDEE AND SIGNIFICANCE. By T. G. 



Bonnet, Sc.D., LL.D., F.R.S., Emeritus Professor of Geology at 

 University College, London. Third edition. 8vo ; pp. 379, with 

 16 plates and 21 text-illustrations. London : John Murray, 

 1912. Price 6s. net. 



rpHIS volume, issued in a fiery red cloth, has evidently met with 

 X approval from the " ordinary reader" to whom primarily it is 

 addressed. Success is indicated by the fact that a third edition has 

 been required in the course of fourteen years. The work, indeed, is 

 written in what may be called a fairly popular style, technical terms 

 being avoided as far as possible, and a short glossary of some of those 

 applied to minerals and rocks being appended. 



In chapter i the life-history of volcanoes is explained by reference 

 to Yesuvius, Stromboli, Bandai-san in Japan, Krakatoa, the Soufriere 

 of St. Yincent, IMont Pelee in Martinique, Cotopaxi, Kilauea, and 

 Maun a Loa, and the subject is illustrated by some good views, 

 including one of the great 'spine' of Mont Pelee. Submarine 

 eruptions, mud volcanoes, and geysers are described, but we miss 

 a reference to the submarine formation of pillow-lavas. 



In chapter ii the structure and classification of igneous rocks 

 receive attention, and illustrations are given of volcanic dust, pumice, 

 lava, bombs, and the columnar jointing of basalt. Then follow, in 

 chapter iii, accounts of the dissection of volcanoes, naturally 

 illustrated in the regions of Auvergne and the Eifel, from which 

 latter district a striking view is given of the crater lake, Weinf elder 

 Maar. The subject leads on to that concerning the ruins of more 

 ancient volcanoes, among them Arthur's Seat at Edinburgh. Here 

 differences of opinion have been expressed, but we may question 

 now whether "the majority of geologists maintain that there 

 were two distinct epochs of outbursts". In the Geological 

 Magazine for 1911 (p. 133) it was noted, in a review of the 

 Geological Survey Memoir on Edinburgh (second edition), that the 

 re-survey of Arthur's Seat led to the confirmation by the Survey of 

 the final views of Maclaren and the conclusions of Professor Judd, 

 that but one period of volcanic activity was represented. A reference 

 to this might have been given, as the author expresses himself in 

 favour of the belief that the outbreaks " were separated by a very 

 considerable interval of time ". 



Fissure eruptions are dealt with in reference to volcanic mountains 

 where great outbursts take place, and also to those areas, such as 

 the Snake Biver plain in Idaho, that " are characterized by the 

 general absence of cones", and by the large extent of land covered 

 by lava-flows. 



DECADE v.— VOL. X.— NO. VI. 18 



