W. D. Lang-^Lower Plienshachian of Charmouth. 405 



affect the position of the heds as a whole, since owing to their 

 somewhat steep westerly dip these recover between successive faults 

 the distance fallen (see Diagram I). The big Ridge fault brings down 

 the Eed Band from the rough ground above the Belemnite Stone to 

 some feet under the beach and out of sight ; but at about 50 yards 

 east of the fault it rises from the beach (the dip here is still 

 westerly) on to the low cliff, and in two 6 in. bands about a foot 

 apart, follows this cliff as it rises to some height eastwards, across 

 St. Gabriel's Mouth, and so well up on to Wear Cliff, Golden Cap. 

 Here it is about 40 feet up the cliff, when the dip reverses, and it 

 begins to descend again. The Belemnite Stone may be seen in the 

 angle between the cliff and the beach beneath the western part of 

 Wear Cliff ; so at Golden Cap the Red Band is about 40 feet above 

 the Belemnite Stone, whereas at Westhay Water there are 49 feet, 

 at the western end of Stonebarrow only about 20 feet, and on Black 

 Yen but 14 feet between them. 



The Lower Limestone, the second constant feature of these beds, is 

 of very different appearance. Sharp, hard, nodular, and impersistent, 

 it presents a marked contrast to the Red Band, which generally is 

 seen in a soft, weathered condition, and occurs in continuous slabs 

 rather than in discontinuous nodules. In spite of its nodular, 

 impersistent nature, the Lower Limestone is remarkably constant in 

 its appearance about half-way between the Belemnite Stone and the 

 Red Band, and may be counted on with certainty in an appropriate 

 section of some size, if it is looked for with care. Its characteristic 

 fossils are ammonites of the lattecosta group ; it contains also Trago- 

 phylloceras ^oscowJ/ (James Sowerby); occasionally, too, a Straparollus ; 

 but fossils other than ammonites are rare in this rock. It occurs 

 7 feet above the Belemnite Stone on Black Yen ; 10 feet at the western 

 end of Stonebarrow Cliff ; 21 feet at Westhay Water (where it is 

 poorly developed and consequently difficult to find) ; and about 20 feet 

 above the Belemnite Stone on the western face of Golden Cap. 

 After being thrown down by the Ridge fault, it can be picked up 

 rising from the beach some forty yards east of the reappearing 

 Red Band. 



The Upper Limestone is less easily found than the Red Band or 

 the Lower Limestone. It appears half-way between the Red Band 

 and the Lowest Tier. Like the Lower Limestt)ne it is often sharp 

 and nodular, but the nodules tend less to a spherical shape. On the 

 western side of Stonebarrow, however, it is either flaggy and tends 

 to be sandy like the Three Tiers, or is nodular and calcareous with 

 a sandy shell ; and it may change abruptly within a few yards from 

 one to the other condition. The sapdy beds mentioned in the Survey 

 Memoir as occurring below the Three Tiers may be this rock, only 

 they are comparatively higher in the Green Ammonite Beds Series. 

 The Upper Limestone is above the highest Lias on Black Yen; but it 

 may be found at the western end of Stonebarrow 35 feet above the 

 Belemnite Stone or 15 feet below the lowest Tier. The ground, 

 however, at this horizon is very broken on Stonebarrow, and it is not 

 often that a section can be found in it. On the western side of 

 Golden Cap, the Upper Limestone may be found 30 feet below the 



