Reviews — Br. F. A. Bather — Cystideans from Girvan. 421 



(see p. 369, figs. 1-3, and p. 370, fig. 4) from the Ordovician of 

 8t. Petersburg. Here are also placed the species of Dendroc'i/stis — 



Described as having ' ' a theca broader towards the column and composed of 

 numerous plates irregular in size, form, and arrangement, the vent lateral and 

 adcolumnal, the intake lateral and a-columnal and connected with a single 

 skeletal process composed of four series of ossicles, with a stem proximally 

 widening and composed of small widened ossicles, distally sub-cylindrical, 

 gently tapering, and composed of elongate dimeres, and intermediately of 

 transitional composition ". (p. 369.) 



AYe reproduce one example, namely, Dendroeystis scotica, Bather, 

 sp. nov., Plate XIII, Fig. 3. 



Altogether five species are enumerated, namely — 

 D. scotica, F. Bather, sp. nov. Upper Caradocian : Thraive Glen, Girvan. 



Op. cit., p. 374, fig. 9 ; p. 391, pi. ii, figs. 10-25. 

 D. SedgioicJcii, J. Barrande. Zahorzan, Bohemia. Lower Caradocian : 



Girvan. Op. cit., p. 374, fig. 8 ; p. 387, pi. i, figs. 5-9. 

 D. paradoxica, E. Billings. Trenton Limestone : Quebec. Op. cit., p. 397, 



text-fig. 13 ; p. 396. 

 D. rossica, 0. Jaekel. Upper Llandeilian : Esthland. Op. cit., p. 396, 



text-figs. 10-12. 

 D. Barrandei, P. A. Bather, sp. nov. Lower Llandeilian : Bohemia. 

 Op. cit., p. 383, pi. i, figs. 1-4; p. 374, text-figs. 6, 7. 



The next remarkable form from Girvan is referred to a new genus, 

 Cothurnocystis, of which two species are named : C. Elizce, F. A. 

 Bather, gen. et sp. nov.,^ and C. curvata,' F. A. Bather, sp. nov. 

 Drummock Group, Starfish Bed : Thraive Glen, Girvan. 



CotJiurnocystis,'^ so named by the author from the outline of the 

 frame being markedly boot-shaped, has its integumentary plates 

 normally fl.at and tessellate, with subvective grooves of elliptical 

 outline, occupying an area immediately adjacent and pai-allel to the 

 curve of the boot sole (Plate XIII, Fig. 1). 



On Plate XIII we give two figures, the obverse (Fig. 1) and 

 reverse (Fig. 2) of one species, C. Eli%(B^ so named in honour of 

 Mrs. Elizabeth Gray, to commemorate her zeal in collecting so rich 

 a series, and her acumen in recognizing the peculiar shape and the 

 Cystid nature of these extraordinary fossils. They were obtained 

 from the Starfish Bed, Girvan. (p. 400.) 



" This creature " (says Dr. Bather)," though plainly a Pelmatozoon, 

 is so different in structure and outward form from any other Pelmato- 

 zoon as yet known that it is by no means easy to discover its true 

 affinities. The very fact of this difference points to the conclusion 

 that the animal was modified for some unusual habit of life; and 

 our first task must be ... to reconstruct from the dry bones the 

 living organism." He then proceeds to describe the position of the 

 vent, situated between two spines on the dorsal surfa<;e ("described 

 as the leg of the boot"). " A vent of this nature implies a gut and 

 a corresponding intake." (p. 413.) 



After careful study and comparison with other forms, the author 

 concludes that Cothurnocystis must have obtained its food by 



^ Op. cit., pp. 398-408, pi. iii, figs. 26-38, text-figs. 14-23. 

 2 Op. cit., pp. 408-12, pi. iv, figs. 39-45, text-figs. 24-28. 

 ^ From KoQopvos [cothurnus], a high Grecian shoe, the foot-covering of tragic 

 actors. 



