Reviews— Professor Qadow — Wanderings of Animals. 423 



And now the reader must be left to follow the author through the 

 17'2 quarto pages of this most interesting monograph, so fully and 

 finely illustrated. We have been permitted by Dr. Bather's kindness 

 to reproduce three text-figures of two species from Girvan in our 

 Plate XIII, which will show how divergent were these early forms 

 of life among the Pelmatozoa. 



H. W. 

 EXPLANATION OP PLATE XIII. 

 Figs, l, 2. Cothumocystis Elizce, Bather. Reconstructions of the two faces, 

 based on the various specimens mentioned in the text. Probably no 

 individual quite reached the size of these figures, though a few fragments 

 come very near it. The numbers 1-11 refer to the marginals beside which 

 they are placed. The proximal and median regions of the stem are drawn, 

 with a few columnals of the distal region. 



Pig. 1. The obverse face, showing the vent just below the number 11, 

 the subvective system close to marginals 5-7, and the irregular rounded 

 plates of the integument. 



Pig. 2. The reverse face, showing the strut, the knobs on 2, 3, 6, 7, 

 and the flattened plates of the integument. 

 Pig. 3. Dendrocystis scotica, Bather. Between the anal lobe and the stem 

 the plates of the vent form a projection. 



Both fossils are from the Starfish Bed in the Drummock Group, Thraive 

 Glen, Girvan. 



II. — The Wanderings of Animals. By Hans Gadow. Cambridge 

 Manuals of Science and Literature. Cambridge : University Press, 

 1913. Price Is. 



IN this little book of 150 pages Dr. Gadow has succeeded in giving 

 a sketch of the distribution of animals which will be useful to 

 students of geology and others seeking an introduction to this branch 

 of science. Perhaps the most interesting chapter is that on the 

 "Features of Environment", in which he describes the life of 

 tropical forests, of deserts, and of liigh mountains as examples of 

 contrasted habitats, and shows how these help or hinder the spreading 

 of certain types of animals. 



It is significant of the changed standpoint of modern zoogeography 

 that the book does not contain one of the familiar maps showing the 

 world divided into zoological 'regions'. Instead of it we have 

 a series of maps, showing, in the first place, the actual distribution of 

 certain selected groups of terrestrial vertebrates, and, in the second 

 place, the changes in configuration of the great land masses in the 

 successive geological epochs since the Trias. These latter maps, as 

 Dr. Gadow is careful to explain, are to be regarded as tentative and 

 hypothetical; "they will be objected to by the timid, on principle; 

 critics with more expert knowledge will amend them." Of course, in 

 a work of so wide a scope, inaccuracies in detail are likely to be 

 discovered here and there by the specialist. There is no trustworthy 

 evidence for the occurrence of crayfishes in Fiji or Melanesia (p. 92), 

 or for the statement that " some existing species " of Scorpions 

 " date back to the Coal-measures" (p. 93). Dr. Gadow's vigorous, 

 though not always very careful, style has betrayed him on p. 15 into 

 the assertion that " the search for generally applicable regions is 

 a mare's nest " ! 



