Reviews — Geology of Newton Abbot, South Devon. 525 



Salterton, with overlying Bunter and Keuper Sandstones. Attractive 

 also are the fossiliferous "Upper Greensand outliers of the Haldon 

 Hills, with their coverings of gravel grouped as Eocene ; likewise the 

 thick and varied deposits of the Bovey Basin, including the plant- 

 bearing lignites and the pottery clays (now regarded as Upper 

 Oligocene), and the overlying gravels and alluvial deposits, some 

 undoubtedly Pleistocene, others of Holocene or Recent age. This 

 great series of formations is well shown on the new colour-printed 

 map, Sheet 339 (price Is. Qd.), but the Pleistocene gravels have not 

 been indicated in the Bovey Basin. The area in fact, as stated by 

 the Director, Dr. Teall, in his preface, was to a large extent 

 re-surveyed in 1874 and subsequent years on the old 1 inch map, 

 particularly , as regards the Permian and newer strata. This work 

 was transferred to the new series map and published in hand-coloured 

 form in 1899, considerable revisions having been made in the 

 Palseozoic areas by Mr. Ilssher. Still later revisions ' are included in 

 the colour-printed edition of the map, and the mineral lodes have 

 been inserted by Mr. D. A. MacAlister. The coloured section at tlie 

 foot of the map is taken (perhaps wisely) to the north of the Bovey 

 Basin, from the p;ranite near Hennock, through Chudleigh, across 

 Great and Little Haldon, and over the Bed Rocks to Exmouth and 

 East Budleigh. 



An area containing so much of interest has naturally attracted 

 many geologists, and among the early workers Godwin-Austen (then 

 Austen) was conspicuous. Residing for a few years (from about 

 1831) at Ogwell House, near IS^ewton Abbot, he prepared a geological 

 map of the countrj^, published in an elaborate and philosophical 

 memoir in 1842 by the Geological Society; but the results of his 

 field-work were given by Austen to De la Beche, who utilized them 

 in the original Geological Survey map. Sheet 22, which was published 

 in 1834. Of other workers H. B. Holl, and subsequently Arthur 

 Champernowne, devoted much time to geological mapping, while 

 J. E. Lee, G. F. ^hidborne. Dr. Henry Woodward, Dr. G. J. Hinde, 

 and Mr. Howard Eox added much to the knowledge of the 

 palaeontology of the older formations. It is remarkable, however, 

 considering the careful account given of the literature, and the list of 

 published papers, that no mention is made of the " Notes on Parts of 

 South Devon and Cornwall " by J. B. Jukes (Roy. Geol. Soc. Ireland, 

 1868). In that paper Jukes records a meeting with Dr. Holl in 

 a quarry near JSTewton Abbot, when he "laughingly remarked to him 

 that ' one might toss up whether the beds were vertical or horizontal ', 

 for there were planes of division in both directions, either of which 

 might be planes of stratification and the other joints ". 



To Mr. TJssher, who commenced work in the area in 1874, we are 

 indebted for the elucidation of the main structure of the area, as 

 regards not only the Devonian and Carboniferous, , but also the 

 Permiart and Trias. His main conclusions on the older rocks were 

 given in a paper published by the Geological Society in 1890. He 

 now amplifies the information and gives details of the Devonian and 

 Carboniferous subdivisions. It is observed that " as a whole the 

 irapersistence of the Devonian limestone is clearly proved, but direct 



