TEEN we. tee Soe elie -xviforrry Ps, ) pe aa 
Fic. r.—Diagram showing the arrangement of a miniature artesian basin. 
UNDERGROUND WATER 171 
eter and one inch in length, to which the 
lower 8 inches were soldered. When the 
casing was in place the remaining space in 
the well outside the casing was filled with 
sand and the space between the brass well 
casing and the iron pipe sealed, making a 
water-tight contact and leaving no passage 
for the water within the iron pipe except 
through one of the five wells. Above ground 
or outside the iron pipe each well casing 
was connected with }-inch rubber tubing, 
long enough to extend higher than the intake 
of the iron pipe. To facilitate reading the 
height to which the water in the well rose and 
to make it easier to collect the water flowing 
from the wells, the end of each tubing was 
provided with a_foot of }-inch glass tubing 
bent at right angles as shown in diagram. 
With the apparatus in position as above 
shown, the water was turned on and _ the 
sand within the pipe allowed to absorb as 
much water.as possible—the surplus escaping 
through the overflow pipe N. In order to 
ascertain with what velocity the water flowed 
through the pipe the tubing at well E was 
disconnected at the brass casing and an 
indicator to report the final arrival of water 
inserted into well EH. The time from the 
turning on of the water until it arrived at 
E was found to be 25 hours and 4o minutes. 
The velocity was therefore 1.56 feet per hour 
or .31 inches per minute. The average 
diameter of the sand grains as determined 
~by measurement of 1,000 grains was .43 ™™ 
and the porosity of the sand 39.2 per cent. 
The tubing at well EZ was replaced and 
in a short time the water in each well stood 
