176 A. R. SCHULTZ 
from the intake. This suggests that the friction which is the cause 
of cutting down the flow is restricted largely to the vicinity of the well 
where the water is moving with the greatest velocity. Much the same 
conditions probably exist in the Wisconsin artesian basin, where in 
the vicinity of Green Bay, Milwaukee, Wis., and Chicago, IIl., the 
head has been reduced approximately too feet since the first flowing 
wells were put down, while many of the wells between these locations 
and the intake area have practically the same head as when first 
drilled. Recent wells drilled between the above-named localities 
and the outcrop region show that there is no corresponding decrease 
in head to that noted in the vicinity of Green Bay, Milwaukee, and 
Chicago. It follows, therefore, that through the major distance of the 
sandstone the friction of the water is almost zero, or the pressure at 
the wells would not so nearly equal the pressure due to head. 
When wells are allowed to flow or are heavily pumped, the pressure 
in the vicinity of the well rapidly drops, while at a distance of several 
thousand feet the pressure is often as great while the well is flowing 
or heavily pumped as it was before the flow or pumping began. 
That the influence of a well extends to a very considerable distance 
is shown ina general way by the following tests made in Madison, Wis., 
by the Waterworks Department in 1903 (for location of wells see 
Bigs 2): 
No. Gallons 
' per Day 
17 One wellatthe pumping station wieldsv5 40. «ia ae rear a eas 500,000 
2. Four wellsiat.the pumping stationyield-miis 20 goer eee 1,000,000 
3. Four wells at the pumping station, and four wells scattered along a 
line;z;ooofeetlong yield ea) Ani seen ay. he croc ese ks eee ene 1,750,000 
4. Four wells at pumping station and one remote well yield............ I, 300,000 
5. Main Street pump (Well No. ro), not running the Blount Street 
welll (INO2 8) ssyiel Shots: diester, eet ben Ces cimypeacyet cae can oan eo 984,000 
While the remainder, of the wells yieldy. sy) ee riee sere acy 2,240,000 
6. MainStreet and Blount Street pumps both running, the two wells 
les sera ect ise ui asters, Suetanatur cy cm Methay er anefa uae peaneee air ee eae 1,944,000 
(or nearly twice the yield of the Blount Street well in Par. 5) 
while the remamderotithe:wellsiyiel dict een saeres tae tiene cree I, 300,000 
When the Madison wells were first drilled the water overflowed 
4.5 feet above Lake Mendota, or 854.5 feet above tide. At present 
propeller pumps are installed at the Main Street well (No. 10) and 
