206 STUDIES FOR STUDENTS 
After a discussion of the geosynclinals of the different geologic 
periods, it is added: 
Thus follows, even into the details, the conformity of the geologic history 
of the regions which have been affected by the large foldings of the Tertiary 
epoch, with those which have been occupied by the geosynclinals during all the 
Secondary era. If, in certain cases, one finds that the sinuosities described by 
the geosynclinals have not always been the same during two consecutive epochs, 
it is none the less true that they are always the same large regions which, since 
the beginning of Primary time, have been the mobile portions of the earth’s 
crust.? 
As regards, now the continents which have been separated by the 
geosynclinals, Haug states: 
It results from the summary given that zodgeographic works in all points 
confirm the conclusions relative to the existence of ancient continents quite different 
from the actual ones—conclusions obtained before by purely geological considera- 
tions. By a series of deductions borrowed from zodgeography we are led to admit 
the former existence of a North Atlantic Continent, of a Sino-Siberian Continent, 
of an Australo-Indo-Malay Continent, and of a Pacific Continent.? 
Under the head of the breaking-up (morcellement) of the continents, 
Haug treats of this as having in some cases been accomplished by a 
gradual transgression of the sea; in other cases, by the production 
of vertical faults along which blocks of the crust have been depressed 
to produce abysses (the horsts remaining in relief); and in still other 
cases, by the depression of a continent in its entirety, so that a basin 
now occupies its former position, which is bounded by peripheral 
fractures marked out by volcanoes. 
After an extensive study of stratigraphic documents with a view 
of fixing the positions of areas of transgression and recession of the 
sea, Haug argues that, if these are to be ascribed to the attraction of 
the glacial ice or to variations in the velocity of rotation of the planet, 
there should be alternations of transgression and recession between 
the polar and the equatorial regions, and also between the two hemis- 
pheres. He finds: 
(1) The principal transgressions of the sea are produced simultaneously in 
the two continents. (2) They are produced simultaneously in the polar and equator- 
ial regions. (3) They are not universal. 
t Ed. Suess, Die Entstehung der Alpen, p. 642. 
2 Ibid., pp. 663, 664. 
