PLEISTOCENE FLORA OF NORTH CAROLINA 341 
Hollick under the name Carpinus pseudo-caroliniana. The living 
Car pinus orientalis L. K. and betulus L. have been recorded from the 
Italian Pleistocene. 
BETULA NIGRA L. 
Knowlton, American Geologist, Vol. XVIII (1896), p. 371. 
This species was very common at station 850, the remains includ- 
ing many leaves and some fragments of bark. Leaf impressions were 
also common in the clays at Old Mill. Recorded by Knowlton (doc. 
cit.) from the glacial terraces at Morgantown, W. Va. 
The genus first appears in the Dakota sandstones, occurring also 
in the higher Cretaceous of North America and Greenland. It is 
largely developed in the Eocene, with over a dozen American species, 
the first European forms occurring at this horizon. Abundantly 
represented by numerous species in the Oligocene, Miocene, and 
Pliocene. Of the living forms Betula lutea Michx. has been recorded 
from the American, and Betula nana L. and alba from the European 
Pleistocene. 
BETULA PSEUDO-FONTINALIS sp. nov. 
Leaves in appearance very similar to those of the western Betula 
jontinalis of Sargent occur at station 850. The name given implies 
nothing more than the resemblance in leaf-form. This species 
may be characterized as follows: leaves ovate, with a broad truncate 
or rounded entire base; unusually long petiole and sparse secondary 
venation; margin indifferently serrate or dentate above. 
FAGUS AMERICANA Sweet. 
Berry, Torreya, Vol. VI (1906), p. 88. 
Hollick, Maryland Geological Survey, Pliocene and Pleistocene (1906), p. 226. 
Fagus ferruginea (Michx.) Lesq.: American Journal of Science, Vol. XXVII 
(1859), p. 363; Geology of Tennessee (1869), p. 427, Plate 7 (K), Fig. 11. Fagus 
jerruginea Ait.: Knowlton, American Geologist, Vol. XVIII (1896), p. 371. 
Leaves, nuts, and husks of this species are common at station 850. 
The beech is one of the commonest Pleistocene forms, and leaves, 
nuts, or husks have previously been recorded from both the oldest 
(Sunderland) and the youngest (Talbot) Pleistocene formations of 
Maryland, and from the Pleistocene of Tennessee, Virginia, and 
West Virginia. 
