REVIEWS 599 
chasms, elevated beaches, elevated alluvial fans or deltas, till shore-lines, 
new reefs and islands, and reclaimed land. The biological evidences are: 
elevated barnacles, mussels, bryozoans, and other marine organisms, still 
fresh, with the attached forms clinging to the rocks; also the mingling 
of land and sea life, parallel lines of stranded driftwood, and destruction 
of life. There is even human evidence of the uplift: two careful students 
of old shore-lines, Russell and Gilbert, examined the shores of the bay on 
parts of the coast where uplifted shore-lines are clearly preserved, the 
former geologist in 1890 and 1891, the latter in 1899, but three months 
before the earthquake, yet neither observed any evidence of elevation; 
the ship of the Harriman expedition, which carried Gilbert, sailed close 
by the uncharted reefs produced during the earthquake, but the sailing 
master did not see them; natives on various parts of the bay were dis- 
turbed by the earthquake and waves; and they observed many of the 
phenomena of elevation. In 1905 the authors found alders, not over 
4 years old, growing in the rock crevices among barnacles 17 feet above 
high tide. This array of evidence seems to leave no doubt that changes 
in level were produced during the earthquakes of September, 1899. 
The change of level with reference to the sea was considerable, reach- 
ing a maximum of 47 feet, 4 inches. This diastrophism is clearly normal 
faulting of block type, many of the faults having been observed in the 
field. With reference to sea-level, one block was depressed; the largest 
block, about 25 miles long, was raised with differential elevation; the 
others were not tilted, so far as observed. 
It is interesting to note that this contribution by Messrs. Tarr and 
Martin has a pertinent bearing on the Suess theory of general downward 
movement in normal faulting, in that they have shown (1) that during 
earthquakes in September, 1899, fault blocks were separately and differ- 
entially elevated, with reference to sea-level; and (2) no withdrawal of 
the sea from other parts of the coast was observed at that time. 
C. W. W. 
Notes sur la tectonique de la platjorme cristalline de la Russie méri- 
dionale. (Text in Russian, summary in French.) By W. 
LASKAREW. Separate from Tome XXIV, Bulletins du comité 
géologique, No. 110. St. Petersburg, 1905. 
The region described is a dissected platform of paleozoic and older 
rocks extending from the Sea of Azov to the Carpathian Mountains. The 
platform is practically a great horst bounded on all sides by faults. The 
Podolian horst described by Suess lies on its northwest border. The faults 
