706 MYRON L. FULLER 
a few people were killed. In the large government quarry at Rock- 
fort east of Kingston large pieces of the walls were broken down 
forming large heaps of débris. 
Outbreak oj springs.—Previous to the earthquake a single large 
spring had flowed from the limestone at the base of the quarry at 
Rockfort, but at the time of the shock a second spring, as large or 
larger than the original, broke forth through fractures produced at 
the time and flowed to the sea as a stream between three and four 
feet wide, five or six inches deep, and with a velocity of several feet 
per second. ‘The water is salty and slightly thermal, and at times is 
said to be somewhat sulphurous. 
ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS 
Character.—The alluvial deposits, upon which Kingston was 
built, consist mainly of a gravel with a stiff, reddish, sandy clay matrix, 
binding the whole into a somewhat tough resistant mass. Geologi- 
cally it belongs to a broad alluvial fan occupying a re-entrant in the 
mountains and rising from sea level at Kingston to an elevation of 
several hundred feet at the base of the mountains. ‘Throughout the 
fan, except near its seaward edge, the ground water is rather deep 
and had but little effect on the phenomena of the earthquake, the 
material behaving, in fact, much like solid rock, being almost entirely 
without the warping, fissures, etc., such as usually characterize 
unconsolidated materials. 
Earthquake fissures.—From the fact that the movements were of 
the nature of vibrations rather than visible earth waves it was not 
to be expected that fissures would be produced to any extent upon 
the mainland. In fact, it was only near the margins of stream gullies 
and along the sea margin—points where there was an opportunity 
for lateral displacement—that fissures were formed. Of the dis- 
placements along stream banks, those near the Hope Culvert were 
among the most pronounced, the aqueduct bearing a part of the city 
water being broken by the movement at this point. Along the water 
front the fissures were more numerous. Near Victoria Market, 
especially, a considerable number of small fissures parallel with the 
sea margin were formed, from which considerable amounts of sand 
and water were extruded. The latter, however, were from no great 
