710 MYRON L. FULLER 
displacements of the individual faults was usually only from six 
inches to a foot, but the aggregate displacement amounted to many 
feet. Along some of the fault lines large quantities of sand and 
water were extruded, the points of emergence being now marked by 
long narrow craterlets. More or less fissuring and extrusions of sand 
are also said to have occurred at the end of the point at Port Royal, 
the cracks apparently opening as the crest of the earth wave advanced 
and closing (accompanied with the extrusion of sand and water to 
a height of several feet) as the crest gave way to the following trough. 
Most of this action was on the part of the point which finally sunk 
below the sea (Fig 7.). 
Tilting and warping oj surjace—Owing to the same incoherent 
nature of the materials there was not complete recovery from the 
earth waves, the surfaces at many points remaining in the form given 
them as the waves progressed. An even more important effect, 
however, appears to have been produced by the flowage of the saturated 
sands. The result of the two was to leave the surface bent and 
warped, a condition brought out strongly by the present attitudes 
of the artificial structures. Near the end of the point, as one enters 
the harbor, a wooden tower is observed tilted several degrees and the 
gun foundations equally out of level. On the inside of the point 
the sea wall is likewise tilted at a considerable angle, and one of the 
wharves is similarly inclined. Several of the flagpoles are much 
inclined and numbers of houses noticeably tilted, while in one case 
the middle of a building seems to have sunk several feet with reference 
to the ends, breaking it from bottom to top along the center. The 
railroad tracks at one point are reported arched up for a distance of 
twenty-five yards, the elevation of the center above the ends being 
estimated at about four feet, while lateral twists in the tracks were 
not uncommon. In some localities arches in the surface with angles 
from 3° to 10° are said to occur. 
Subsidence and submergence.—The tilting and warping described 
in the last paragraph resulted from differential movement, parts of 
the surface being lifted while other parts sunk. In many instances 
the subsidence was sufficient to bring the bottom of the cellar below 
the level of the ground water so that water now stands above their 
floors. At one point on the north side of the Palisadoes the sinking 
