GLACIAL EROSION IN LONGITUDINAL VALLEYS 
FRANK CARNEY 
Denison University 
The recent papers of Professor Sardeson’ and Mr. Campbell? on 
folds in surface strata, the former within and the latter without the 
glaciated region, suggest the publishing of some analogous observa- 
tions made in Owasco Lake (New York) valley. 
Two questions will be considered in this paper: (1) Did over- 
riding ice produce the folds, and, (2) if so, what bearing does this 
disturbance of subjacent strata have in the question of glacial erosion ? 
The localities concerned are shown in Fig. 1, which is a transfer of a 
portion of the Moravia Quadrangle, omitting the 20-foot contour 
intervals. Owasco Lake lacks one-fourth of a mile of reaching the 
northern margin of this sheet. Its former higher levels extended 
several miles southward, as described in the papers of Watson’ and 
Fairchild,+ these higher levels being marked by numerous deltas. 
Southward from Locke the valley branches about a salient which 
reaches an altitude of 1,500 feet. The inlet stream rises some thirteen 
miles south of the present lake in an outwash plain near Freeville. 
The rock topography suggests a former divide between Locke and 
Groton. 
DESCRIPTION OF THE FOLDS 
The overturned fold shown in Fig. 2 is located on the map, Fig. 1, 
by station 2, northeast of Locke. The cross-section of the fold is 
nearly perpendicular and is oriented S. 30° E.; its axis has a tilt of 
approximately 51°. The disturbed layers are fourteen inches thick, | 
consisting of thin, sandy shale, very much disintegrated. These 
layers overlie a sandstone bed six inches thick, below which are 
heavier layers used for building-stone. The disturbed strata are 
t Journal of Geology, Vol. XIV (1906), pp. 226-32. 
2 Ibid., Vol. XIV (1906), pp. 718-21. 
3.N. Y. State Museum, 51st Ann. Rep., Vol. I (1897), pp- 792-94. 
4 Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Vol. X (1899), pp- 495 50. 
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