REVIEWS 823 
the age of a considerable thickness of rocks which heretofore on lithologic 
and stratigraphic evidence had been “‘referred to anything from the Permian 
to the Tertiary.” 
The discussion of the faunas and the descriptive part are preceded by 
an excellent ‘‘ Historical Review” in which the geologic literature of this 
region is very fully discussed. In this review certain facts are brought out 
which are important to those interested in the age of the upper Paleozoic 
deposits of Kansas. It is stated that ‘‘Gould has shown that the White- 
horse sandstone is identical with Cragin’s Red Bluff formation of Kansas,” 
which is well toward the top of the Kansan Red Beds. The Wreford lime- 
stone of Kansas, which in his later papers the writer has regarded as the 
provisional base of the Permian, as followed south into Oklahoma, changes 
into the Payne sandstone that has been traced by Kirk to the vicinity of 
Norman in the latter state, and is supposed to mark the base of Gould’s 
Enid formation. ‘‘Cope, Cummins, and C. A. White have demonstrated 
that the Wichita (including the Albany) and Clear Fork beds of Texas are 
unmistakably Permian. ... . Williston and Case have demonstrated that 
the lower Enid formation of Oklahoma is Permian and of similar horizon — 
to some parts of the Wichita and Clear Fork divisions of Texas.” 
Dr. Beede states that vertebrate specimens from Cowley County in 
southern Kansas, described by Dr. Williston in 1897, came from the Garri- 
son formation about fifty feet below the Wreford limestone. Dr. Williston 
in describing these specimens stated that “‘we have here an interesting series 
of forms, so closely resembling the species described by Cope from Danville 
Ill., that I cannot distinguish them specifically. It would seem to demon- 
strate the contemporaneity of the two formations, and also that of the Texas 
Permian, whence the species of all these genera have been described by 
Cope.”” The presence of these Permian vertebrates, together with a Permian 
flora in the Garrison formation, favors its reference to the Permian, and 
perhaps the Cottonwood limestone at its base is really nearer the line of 
division between the Pennsylvanian and Permian than the Wreford limestone 
at its top. The top of this former limestone is near the horizon originally 
suggested by the writer for a tentative line of division between these two 
systems. The identification of Permian plants by David White and Sellards, 
-Permian insects by Sellards, Permian invertebrates by Beede, and Permian 
vertebrates by Williston and Case, from the Kansas deposits which have 
been referred to the Permian by the writer seem to support the correctness 
of that correlation and to demonstrate that the base of the Permian is 
certainly as low as the horizon of the Wreford limestone. 
CHARLES S. PROSSER 
