RAE GEOLOGY OF LUZON; PI. 55 
TABLE II 
(AFTER DOUVILLE) 
Philippines Borneo 
c Upper limestone with Lep. c.f. Verbeeki mio- H Burdigalien 
small Lepidocyclines = gy psina 
2 6 Sandstoneand shale Clycoclypeus commu- G 
nis, Orbitolites alveo- F Aquitanien Miocene 
linella Miogypsina 
a Middle limestone with Lep. insulae-natalis, E 
large lepidocyclines formosa, richthofent 
I Lower limestone with Nummulites niast 
nummulites, Coal Verb., Amphiste- D Stampien Upper _ Oli- 
Measures gina c.f. Niasi, Le- gocene 
pidocyclina 
RECENT FORMATIONS 
Under the recent formations, I shall take up the following: 
(a) Piedmont deposits; (0) coral reefs; (c) pyroclastics; (d) placers; 
(e) laterite, and products of weathering. 
In a region of such tremendous rainfall, such as we have in the 
Philippine Islands (45 inches in twenty-four hours, recorded at the 
Baguio Observatory, Mountain Province, Luzon, July, 1911), 
probably nowhere exceeded save possibly at Simla in India, it is 
natural to expect great erosion in the high levels, and a deposition 
of the eroded material in great volume at the foot of the mountains. 
Such deposits can be found in Pangasinan Province, where the 
Agno and Bued River flow out onto the Central Plain, and along 
the western coast in the Ilocano Provinces. A great deal of the 
coastal plain of Ilocos Norte and Ilocos Sur is built up by this wash 
material, brought down by the short and rapid mountain streams. 
A great deal of this deposit consists of huge bowlders which are of 
considerable annoyance to farmers, and are serious obstacles to gold 
dredging, but with these bowlders comes down great quantities of 
finer material, which must play a great part in enriching the soil. 
Coral reefs.—An examination of the coast and geodetic charts 
now issued for the coast-line of Luzon, show that there are great 
stretches of coral reefs. They are very important not only from 
the point of view of navigation, but they represent the foundation 
for the lateral growth of the island-mass. My own observations on 
the west coast of Luzon reveal the fact that much of that coast is 
now rising, and as the coral reefs grow up to a limiting plain—the 
