58 : WARREN D. SMITH 
The development work is now in progress in that district. This 
coal is of somewhat better grade than the Batan coal. Coal has 
been found of a poor quality in a number of other places on the 
Island of Luzon, namely in Cagayan Valley, in North Central 
Luzon and in the sub-province of Abra, but no development work 
has been carried on there. 
IRON 
As the next most important mineral resource, we shall consider 
iron. This mineral in small quantities is wide spread. It is usually 
found associated with the crystalline rocks of the eastern Cordillera. 
It has been found in noteworthy quantities, in two districts, near 
Angat Bulacan and on a small island in Mambulao Bay, Ambos 
Camarines. It is quite probable that there is a fairly continuous 
belt of this mineral following the Cordillera between its two points. 
Magnetic Surveys to determine this, are now in progress by the 
division of mines, Bureau of Science. 
At Angat, the iron deposits appear to be of considerable extent, 
but diamond drilling will be necessary to prove this. The ore is a 
very hard bluish hematite, which is found in the crystalline rocks, 
and is probably a segregation due to the alteration of chalcopyrite, 
and other iron-bearing minerals in these rocks. The natives here 
have mined and smelted this ore in a crude way for over a hundred 
years. No flux is used and charcoal is the reducing agent. ‘The 
most successful of these iron workers is a native woman, Dona 
Maria Fernando, who sells about 15,000 plow shares and pee a 
year, throughout the neighboring provinces. 
Several engineers have examined the deposit in Mambulao Bay 
and it is the general opinion that there is a commercial quantity at 
that point, which can be worked from sea-level. 
OIL 
Petroleum has been discovered in seeps at several points in the 
Bundoc Peninsula in Tayabas Province (see reports by Adams, 
Eddingfield and others in the Mineral Resources of the Philippine 
Islands) and one well has been sunk to a depth of 140 feet. As yeu 
there is no commercial production and none can be hoped for, till 
deeper wells are bored. The whole country-side in that region has 
