THE QUIZZYHOTA LACCOLITE 83 
with the Amatolas in King Williamstown Division, thence west- 
ward is continued north of Fort Beaufort as the Great Winterberg 
(highest point 7,800 feet), thence to the Sneeuw Bergen (Compass 
Berg, 8,500 feet), Koudeveld Bergen, Nieuweveld Bergen (Bult- 
houders Bank near Beaufort West, 6,270 feet), and finally turns 
round and faces southwest in the Roggeveld Mountains. Although 
this great ledge, capped throughout with dolerite, forms the main 
structural feature in the south of the colony, the rivers take no 
notice of it east of Compass Berg. The Fish River, especially, 
starts from the main watershed, although this is situated at a much 
lower level, and cuts great gorges in the country till it escapes to the 
lower country beyond the ledge. The main watershed coincides 
with the escarpment from the Nieuweveld to the Compass Berg; 
thence the escarpment proceeds in an east-northeasterly direction, 
whereas the watershed runs northeast by east to Delagoa Bay. 
The watershed is a consequence of the mode of deposition of the 
Karroo sediments; when these at last rose above the water-level 
the thickest deposit was highest and from this insignificant crest 
the rivers began to run over the featureless plain. The ledge or 
escarpment, on the other hand, is connected with the folding of the 
Cape Coastal Mountains, probably in a causal connection, that is to 
say, the dolerite caused the folding; at any rate the southern edge 
of the Great Karroo laccolite is parallel to the strike of the coastal 
mountains. The interval between the escarpment and the folded 
mountains is from fifty to a hundred miles, but the sills advance 
considerably in front of the escarpment. Thus, on the extreme 
east, there are the Amatolas, with the laccolite of Debe Nek in 
front of it, and dolerite dykes extending to points within 4 miles 
of the Keiskama River, a distance of 50 miles from the crest of the 
Amatolas, while the folded mountains lie another 50 miles to the 
south. However, we must regard the great ledge or escarpment 
as the main boundary of the laccolite and this runs in a gentle arc, 
with the ends east and west of each other. The center of the bend 
corresponds to the alteration of the strike of the Cape folded 
mountains from east and west, to east-southeast, which alteration 
occurs in Willowmore, Uniondale and Knysna. 
The Karroo Beds south of the folded mountains—at least the 
