304 EDWARD M. KINDLE 
with the Onondaga rather than the Oriskany sediments, as here- 
tofore classed. In places in the eastern part of this quarry the 
basal bed of the Onondaga includes, in addition to fine sand, flat 
or oval fragments of the underlying limestone and, more rarely, 
a rounded pebble of the original Oriskany sandstone. The con- 
tact of the sandstone band with the Helderberg is everywhere 
sharp and clearly defined in marked contrast with the merging 
contact between the sandy band in the Onondaga above. Some- 
times the fine sand penetrates downward into small joints in the 
Helderberg a short distance. The thin basal sandstone, which I 
include in the Onondaga formation because of the presence in it 
of Onondaga fossils, has perhaps its average development at 
Splitrock. In some areas, however, it is wanting or represented 
only by a mere film of sand at the contact of the Onondaga and 
Helderberg. The quarries near Manlius, N.Y., show the minimum 
development of this sandy band. In some of the Manlius quarries 
there is no sandstone band at the base of the Onondaga, and frag- 
ments of the basal band of this limestone afford no evidence of the 
presence in them of sand until dissolved in acid, when a small 
residue of very fine sand is left. The exact line of contact between 
the Onondaga and Helderberg is easily recognized in the Manlius 
quarries, where the sandstone is absent, owing to contrast in the 
appearance of the two limestones. The latter is a fine-textured, 
hard, dark-blue limestone with few fossils and no crinoid stems, 
while the Onondaga limestone is a light-gray, coarsely subcrystalline, 
crinoidal limestone with numerous corals. Some of the corals are 
of rather large size. One Favosite was observed having its base 
resting on the basal stratum of the Onondaga which has a diameter 
of r ft. Evidence of the disconformity at the contact of these 
limestones is sometimes distinctly seen in its irregular and angular 
character, as shown in the photograph (Fig. 1), taken at a quarry 
one-fourth mile northeast of Manlius. The evenly-bedded Helder- 
berg is here trenched by a shallow troughlike depression about 
8 in. in depth, on the side of which the blade of the hammer is 
seen resting in the photograph (Fig. 1). No trace of residuary 
clay remains in the Manlius region at the base of the Onondaga, 
even where eroded depressions like the one shown in Fig. 1 might 
