538 CHARLES H. CLAPP 
rocks. The front block illustrates the conditions existing after the 
complete retrogression of the soft mantle. 
Near Victoria, British Columbia, the development of contra- 
posed shorelines may be seen in all stages, and a short description of 
them will be pertinent to the introduction of the term contraposed. 
Apparently the depression and subsequent partial recovery of the 
submaturely glaciated and drift-covered crystalline rock lowland of 
southeastern Vancouver Island initiated the present marine cycle. 
The initial shoreline must have been rather simple, with smooth 
a 
= ———_ - 
ang 
Fic. 1.—Block diagram illustrating the development of a contraposed shoreline 
flowing outlines where the crystalline rocks were drift covered, but 
in a few places where the glaciated rock surfaces were not drift 
covered, it must have been characterized by many small rounded 
and smoothed irregularities.. 
During the present marine cycle the shore has been subjected to 
moderately strong erosion and the uplifted drift deposits have been 
rapidly retrograded to form sea-cliffs 200 to 250 feet high with 
sandpits and bars, and in places, as on the west shore of Royal 
Roads (see Fig. 2), a nearly straight, mature shoreline. In many 
instances as along the shore south of Victoria, the drift has been 
retrograded in places beyond the underlying crystalline rocks. 
These form small sub-sharp to rounded points, which project beyond 
the even-cliffed shoreline, the drift-cliff now occurring a few feet 
or yards back of high-water mark (see Fig. 3). In still other 
instances, as on the shore of Esquimalt peninsula (see Fig. 2), the 
