558 N. H. DARTON 
salient underground relations excepting in certain relatively small 
areas, and also shows some minor features, although of course details 
can be ascertained only where the bore holes are closely placed. 
The configuration is represented by 50-foot contours with sea-level 
datum. Where the data are not complete broken lines are used, 
and in such places the actual contour may differ more or less from 
that shown. The location of the more significant borings is 
indicated by dots in order to show the relation of the evidence on 
which the representation of contour is based. To show all the bore 
holes would make the map too complex and for this reason also only 
some of the larger surface features such as river and towns are given. 
Glacial features of the region.—The Wyoming Valley region lies 
well within the area covered by the continental ice sheet of the 
Glacial epoch. ‘There is a general mantle of till interrupted only by 
scattered rocky ledges, and the latter show glacial rounding and 
striation. The striae on the mountains bear to the south but some 
of those on the lower lands trend to the southwestward, indicating 
deflection of ice movement down the valley. When the ice was 
thick this deflection affected only its lower part, but in the earlier 
and later stages the main flow was greatly influenced by the local 
topography. ‘This fact was recognized by H. D. Rogers in his later 
publications on conditions in the region. 
The till consists of the usual materials, including many rock 
masses from the north, and it is predominantly sandy. Some por- 
tions are a heterogeneous mixture of sand and clay of bluish tint, 
carrying many bowlders. It appears extensively along the lower 
mountain slopes and varies in thickness from too feet or more to a 
very thin veneer and locally it is represented only by scattered 
bowlders and blocks. In slopes east of Miners Mills and again at a 
point a half-mile northeast of Alden it presents morainal features 
with low knolls and pits. Rearranged drift abounds, mostly con- 
stituting kame terraces along the sides of the valley. Evidently 
these were formed when the main valley was partly filled with a lobe 
of the retreating ice sheet. 
Configuration of the buried valley.—The principal features of the 
buried valley of the Susquehanna are shown on the map (Fig. 1), but 
there are some characteristics of special interest. It will be noted 
