658 HENRY S. WASHINGTON 
200 meters across, which is breached on the southwest side. To 
the east and southeast of Montagna Grande and Monte Gibelé is 
the long crescentic ridge of Serra di Ghirlanda, which runs parallel 
to, and about one kilometer from, the coast, and presents toward 
the Montagna Grande, over much of its length, a very steep face 
from 50 to go meters high. ‘This is continued to the southwest in 
the curving line of the Cuddioli dietro Isola, a series of low, 
isolated hills. At the southwest end of this ridge, and occupying 
the southern end of the island, is the wooded cone of Cuddia 
Attalora, 560 meters high, a well-formed, very symmetrical cone, 
with the remains of a breached crater near the summit. The 
isolated Cuddia Khamma, northeast of Montagna Grande, appears 
to be a remnant of a continuation of the Serra di Ghirlanda to the 
north. 
On the southwest and western flanks of Montagna Grande are 
several small, parasitic cones, namely Fosso del Russo, and two 
which are both called Monte Gibilé, and which may be designated as 
Gibilé a (north) and 6 (south), to distinguish them from the large 
cone of a similar name on the east flank. The southwest slopes of 
Montagna Grande run into the narrow, crescentic Valle del Monas- 
tero, which is about 2 kilometers long by half a kilometer wide. 
This is bounded on the west by the ridge of Costa Zichidi, which 
shuts in the valley with a precipitous scarp rising 30 to 75 meters 
above the valley floor. This ridge outwardly slopes rather gently 
down to the sea, the small harbor of Porto Scauri lying to the west 
of it and being used instead of the principal harbor when the wind 
is from the north. 
The northwestern and northern slopes of Montagna Grande 
present a decidedly irregular topography, the original surface hav- 
ing been buried beneath the accumulations from several parasitic 
cones. Of these the most important are: Monte Gelfiser on the 
northwest, from which issued the flow called Lava Gelfiser, about 
500 meters wide and 2,200 long, extending northwardly to near the 
Bagno dell’ Acqua; and Cuddia Randazzo, on the north, with the 
large flow known as Lave Cuttinar in its upper portion and Lave 
Khagiar below. The total length of these is about 3 kilometers and 
they form a fan whose widest part stretches from Bagno dell’ Acqua 
