THE VOLCANOES AND ROCKS OF PANTELLERIA 661 
notable for the large barranco which has breached the southwestern 
side, forming an impressive gulf 600 meters long and 300 wide, with 
precipitous sides. From this issued the lava flow of Rione Cimillia, 
on which are to be found the prehistoric buildings mentioned above. 
The second pantelleritic cone lies about one kilometer north- 
northeast of Gelkhamar and one and a half south-southeast of the 
town of Pantelleria. It is crescent-shaped, widely breached on the 
east, the ridge culminating in the northerly Monte Sant’ Elmo (245 
m.), on which is a semaphore, and the southerly Cuddia Catt 
(265 m.). The main mass of this is composed of pantellerite, but 
on the north flank of Sant’ Elmo there has taken place a small, later 
eruption of basalt, the scorias and lavas of which cover the northern 
and western slopes, while a flow extends to the north. 
The basaltic cones, which are entirely confined to this part of 
the island, are all small and are less important topographically than 
they are petrographically. The best preserved are the Cuddie 
Brucciate and the Cuddia delle Ferle, respectively one and two kilo- 
meters southeast of Pantelleria. The former consists of a twin pair 
of cinder cones, with summits 118 and 114 meters above sea-level, 
but only about 30 above the base, each with a deep, circular, well- 
preserved crater. Cuddia Ferle is somewhat higher (207 m.), but 
with a less well-marked summit crater and with a small subsidiary 
conelet with breached crater on the north. On the northwest coast 
are the Cuddie Rosse and Cuddie delli (sic) Monti, which are 50 to 
60 meters high. Flows of basalt and beds of scoria, derived in part 
from these cones and probably in part from now hidden vents, cover 
much of the northwestern coastal part of the island. 
The coast line of Pantelleria is, in general, irregular with many 
small indentations. On the east, southeast, south, and southwest 
it is mostly precipitous, up to heights of 275 and 200 meters, due to 
wave action; while on the northwest it is low and formed by the 
tongue-like ends of the basalt flows. 
GEOLOGY" 
The geological structure of Pantelleria is somewhat complex and 
has given rise to divergent views. With the exception of some 
tA short account by me of the geology of Pantelleria was published in Science 
(N.S.), XXVIII (1908), 576. It is practically an abstract of this section. 
