670 HENRY S. WASHINGTON 
This phase was ended by an explosion, or possibly by a subsidence, 
blowing off the central and upper parts of the cone, forming a large 
caldera in the center, and leaving Serra di Ghirlanda, and Coste 
Zichidi, Monastero, Zeneti and Nera as a surrounding somma. 
Phase II, Subphase 1: The building-up within the caldera of the 
Gibelé-Montagna Grande cone, with its crater probably that of 
Gibelé, the lavas being trachytes. Cuddia Mida was a parasitic 
vent, ejecting pantelleritic pumice, and the last eruptive crater of 
this subphase, which was concluded by the dislocation of the 
Montagna Grande block, which tilted up toward the south and down 
toward the north. 
Subphase 2: The eruption of black pantellerite along the frac- 
ture line surrounding the tilted block, forming the Cuddie Randazzo, 
Gelfiser, Russo, and Gibilé a and 0, with their flows. 
Phase III: Eruption of basalts alone, formation of Cuddie 
Ferle, Brucciate, Foerstner Volcano (1891), etc. Fumaroles and 
hot springs. 
These relations are shown in the accompanying sections (Figs. 
4 and 5), in which the vertical scale is five times the horizontal. 
