752 HARRY FIELDING REID 
Glacier, as was suggested in 1904 by Davidson. This advance of about 20 
miles probably took place between 1847 and 1886. The ice front of the Guyot 
lobe practically maintained its advanced position at least from 1886 to 1900, 
and has since receded between 3 and g miles, forming a new Icy Bay, a little 
west of the old one. This results in the destruction of the Icy Cape salient 
of Guyot Glacier, one of the only two places where a tidal glacier entered the 
open waters of the Pacific Ocean. 
The Canadian Boundary Survey party under N. J. Ogilvie found that 
Nunatak Glacier had receded about { mile between ro11 and rog12. 
Glacier Bay.—The same party measured a recession of 17°; miles at Grand 
Pacific Glacier in Reid Inlet of Glacier Bay. This ice tongue receded at the 
rate of only about 1,500 feet a year in the twenty years before 1899. Since 
then it has retreated at the rate of over 4,300 feet a year from 1899 to 1906, 
1,320 feet from 1906 to 1907, and approximately 3,300 feet a year from 1907 
to 1911. Between September 2, 1911, when seen from a distance by the 
National Geographic Society’s expedition under Tarr and Martin, and June 1, 
1912, when visited and mapped by Ogilvie, this ice tongue retreated between 
z and { mile (according to accurate measurements by the Boundary Survey 
party, 14,520 feet in all from 1907 to June, t912). In the two months from 
June 1 to August 1, 1912, there was a further unprecedented retreat of between 
one and 17‘y miles (5,000 to 7,425 feet). A portion of the terminus of Grand 
Pacific Glacier is now in British Columbia, so that the waters of Glacier Bay 
are partly Canadian. The following table summarizes the retreat of Grand 
Pacific Glacier: 
Year Amount, Feet wee Peet Based on Observation by 
ESO OOM ce Wier ees tt Ree 21,120 1,620 Muir, Reid 
TSO 2 > Ate eee SCR ea 2,500 1,250 Boundary Survey 
TSOAT OOM ee nose 6,600 1,320 Gilbert and Gannett 
RAV AMOHN 5 concssccccecvce 30,360 4,337 F. E. and C. W. Wright 
TQOO 7 aera ec Natal ys aI 1,320 1,320 Morse, Klotz 
TOO SEL Ma ee nance ea 13,200 3,300 Tarr and Martin 
LOLIST 2) (une) se eae eee 1,320 | 7,320 | W. J. Ogilvie 
1912 (June r to Aug. 1)..... 6,000 + { 
This recession of 15 to 16 miles in thirty-three years is unique. The 
acceleration of retreat immediately after the 1899 earthquakes may be only 
a coincidence, for the still greater acceleration of retreat since 1911 can be 
explained only by a marked deficiency in the snow supply, which may have 
begun years ago. 
Arctic Alaska.—In the mountains north of the Yukon River 
small glaciers were discovered in 1911 by P. S. Smith’ and by 
A. C. Maddren. 
™P. S. Smith, “Glaciation in Northwestern Alaska,” Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 
XXIII (1912), 566. [ 
