756 REVIEWS 
of dorsoventral; and doubtless this position has been acquired by a 
rotation on the carpus. But, to oversupinate the hand would turn the 
articulations anterior; and it seems very improbable. It may be added 
that the peculiar spiral position of the “deltoid” crest is a characteristic 
of all primitive reptiles. 
As to the extreme freedom of movement in the carpus asserted by Mr. 
Hooley, one needs but to consult Dr. Eaton’s excellent photographs of 
Pteranodon to be convinced of its impossibility, in that genus at least. 
That there was a considerable antero-posterior movement between the 
forearm and the wrist is not improbable, but that there was much move- 
ment dorsoventrally seems impossible. 
As regards the classification of the Pterosauria, he makes some 
startling changes. He believes that most of the characters hitherto used, 
such as the shortening of the tail, the lengthening of the wing metacarpal, 
the development of a notarium and vertebral connection of the scapula, 
-are all homoplastic characters, and the previous classification conse- 
quently an artificial one. He unites Rhamphorhynchus with Pteranodon 
in the Rhamphorhynchoidea; Pterodactylus he locates almost alone in 
the Pterodactyloidea; while for Ornithodesmus, Dimorphodon, etc., he 
makes a new sub-order, the Scaphognathoidea. And the grounds for 
this classification he finds almost exclusively in the degree of ossification 
of the facial part of the skull! Certainly there is more difference between 
Rhamphorhynchus and Pteranodon than between the latter and Plero- 
dactylus, necessitating the resuscitation of Marsh’s Pteranodontia. And 
then the next proposition doubtless will be to erect Dimorphodon into a 
sub-order all its own, till finally we shall have every genus a family and 
every family a sub-order! The writer disagrees with the proposed 
classification 7m toto. 
S. W. WILLISTON 
Untersuchungen tiber die Bildungsverhdltnisse der ozeanishen Salz- 
ablagerungen, in besondere des Stassfurter Salzlagers. By 
J. H. van’t Horr and Associates. Leipzig: Akademische 
Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. H., 1912. Pp. xix+374, figs. 39, 
pls. 8. 
The now classic work of van’t Hoff and his associates on the crys- 
tallization of salts from sea water first appeared in the S7tzwngsberichte 
der Kgl. Preus. Akad. der Wissenschaften, and later, in two volumes 
published by Vieweg u. Sohn. Additions to the earlier work appeared 
