of the species composition I submit there can be no serious conflict as to 

 HOW we improve the western rangelands; namely through the systematic use 

 of livestock. 



The primary objective of range management is grazirig .... otherwise 

 it is something else. Many secondary objectives include: 



1 , wildlife production 



2. timber production 

 5. recreation 



4. aesthetics 



5. watershed — both clean water and more water 



No real conflicts should arise .... and particularly those involving 

 wildlife because the livestock should be manipulated to ENHANCE the range 

 rather than deter, where possible. 



If range improvement plans are going to be successful, then they must 

 be developed with the cooperation of both the rancher and the responsible 

 agencies. The National Resource Lands personnel, State Lands personnel. 

 Soil Conservation Service personnel, and other planners, need to focus their 

 attention strongly on the notion that the rancher must maJce a living within 

 the realm of his knowledge, and he is not likely to cooperate in any scheme 

 that would seem to diminish his prospects of making a living. If a manage- 

 ment plan is to ba developed, then indeed it must consider that which is 

 tmique to that particular unit. The class or type of cattle must be allowed 

 for in planning fencing and the development of water. It should be strongly 

 stated that some management is better than no management and in this respect 

 the plan must be workable and not contain so many obstacles that it most 

 surely will fail in the end. 



In conclusion I feel if the relationship between the landowner and the 

 National Resource Lands managers is to improve, the improvement must come 

 through mutual cooperation. I feel that the time has come to improve the 

 range using the know-how acquired over the last 100 years. In this age of 

 ecological awareness what better answer to the demands of the time than to 

 use livestock to bring about the improvement of our rangelands. If we can 

 predict the physiological requirements of the plant species involved, then 

 we can develop grazing systems which key on these needs. Using livestock 



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