■ Evaluate adult fish losses between dams. 



■ Evaluate the effects of recent shad popula- 

 tion increases. 



■ Continue to upgrade existing adult fish 

 passage facilities. 



■ Upgrade the U.S. Army Corps of 

 Engineers^ Snake/Clearwater River tempera- 

 ture model with 1991 data. 



■ Evaluate methods for decreasing water 

 temperature in fish ladders. 



■ Evaluate effects of zero nighttime flow. 



Improve harvest management 



■ Continue to limit harvest to allow more 

 adult fish to return to the Snake River to 

 spawn. 



■ Prohibit commercial harvest of sockeye 

 below the confluence of the Snake and 

 Columbia rivers to protect endangered Snake 

 River sockeye. 



■ Reduce overall harvest rates on Snake 

 River fall chinook to 55 percent of the run. ' 



( ■ Limit non-treaty river harvest of spring 

 chinook to about 4 percent of the upriver run. 



■ Prohibit commercial fishing for summer 

 chinook until rebuilding allows it, continuing 

 the ban that has been in place since the 

 mid-1960s. 



■ Substantially reduce Canadian harvest of 

 U.S. salmon, and end the high seas drift-net 

 fishery. 



■ Lease or buy Columbia River commercial 

 fishing licenses and develop a compensation 

 plan for fishers. 



■ Demonstrate and evaluate harvest 

 alternatives, such as live-catch, known-stock 

 and terminal harvest fisheries. 



^ ■ Review sport fishing regulations and adopt 

 catch-and-release rules where appropriate. 

 Account for and report on incidental harvest of 

 salmon in other fisheries. Increase law 

 enforcement and public education to deter 

 illegal fishing. 



■ The National Marine Fisheries Service 

 should report each year on harvest and escape- 

 ment of various Columbia Basin salmon stocks. 



■ Develop and implement genetic stock 

 identification program. 



Improve hatchery practices/ 

 protect fish in the wild 



■ Improve hatchery practices and make them 

 consistent throughout the Columbia Basin so ' 

 that hatchery fish are better able to survive in 

 the natural environment and do not harm fish 

 that spawn in streams. 



■ Audit hatchery practices throughout the 

 basin. 



■ Develop brood stock technology and other 

 emergency measures to save seriously depleted 

 salmon runs. 



■ Collect additional information on naturally 

 spawning salmon populations, such as popula- 

 tion status, life history and other data. 



■ Develop a process for screening proposed 

 artificial production projects for meeting 

 National Environmental Policy Act require- 

 ment^. 



■ Pursue experiments in natural and artificial 

 salmon production to measure the relative 

 success of each approach for rebuilding 

 depleted populations. 



■ Study the juvenile fish carrying capacity of 

 the Columbia River mainstem and estuary to 

 ensure that hatchery releases are not exceeding 

 that capacity. 



■ Continue to involve appropriate genetics 

 experts in discussions of how to sustain the 

 diversity of salmon runs. 



■ Develop appropriate recommendations for 

 protecting and enhancing runs of sockeye, coho 

 and chum salmon, sea-run cutthroat trout and 

 lamprey in the Columbia River Basin. 



■ Identify populations of salmon that spawn 

 in streams. 



■ Encourage establishment of a Pacific 

 Northwest "biodiversity institute." 



■ Analyze existing data on basinwide trends 

 in hatchery fish survival. 



■ Mark salmon from hatcheries that have high 

 rates of straying salmon. 



■ Determine the feasibility of marking all 

 hatchery fish. 



■ Plan and construct spring chinook trapping 

 facilities on Grande Ronde River tributaries. 



■ Demonstrate portable fish holding and 

 juvenile acclimation facilities for adult fish. 



■ Secure 100 cubic feet per second water 



44 



