In the Habitat 



■ Major water withdrawals in the Columbia 

 River Basin were surveyed and modifications 

 recommended or screens are to be installed at 

 those withdrawals that did not meet fish- 

 protective standards. 



■ The impact on juvenile salmon from river' 

 predators such as squawfish was studied, and 

 various methods for controlling the predator 

 population were proposed. A bounty fishery for 

 squawfish and other techniques were 

 implemented. 



■ Numerous projects focused on improving 

 the quality of habitat for juvenile salmon and 

 steelhead, with the goal of boosting fish 

 production in the wild. 



■ Various projects in Washington, Idaho, 

 Montana and Oregon set aside habitat for 

 wildlife to mitigate the impact of hydroelectric 

 dams. These projects affected a wide variety of 

 animals, from sharp-tailed grouse and pygmy 

 rabbits to elk, deer and eagles. 



Fishing 



■ In response to a measure in our program, 

 Oregon and Washington reduced harvests of 

 fall Chinook to less than 55 percent of the run in 

 those fisheries that affect Snake River fall 

 Chinook, a threatened species. 



■ The combined fisheries law enforcement 

 activities of Washington, Oregon and the 

 Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission 

 were increased to protect fall chinook salmon 

 from illegal harvest as they returned up the 

 Columbia and Snake rivers in 1993. 



At the llatcheries 



■ Numerous projects focused on improving 

 hatchery practices and constructing an experi- 

 mental hatchery for salmon and steelhead. In 

 conjunction with a new hatchery on the 

 Umatilla Indian Reservation, salmon are now 

 swimming in a section of the river where they 

 had been absent for more than 60 years. 



■ Five hatcheries have been constructed to 

 improve populations of resident fish that were 



harmed by dams. Two produce kokanee — at 

 Sherman Creek and the Spokane Indian Reser- 

 vation — for release in Lake Roosevelt and 

 Banks Lake in Northeastern Washington. These 

 are managed jointly by Indian tribes and the 

 state of Washington. Another hatchery, at 

 Bonners Ferry in northern Idaho, produces 

 sturgeon for release in the Kootenai River. The 

 Colville Tribal Hatchery on the Columbia near 

 Chief Joseph Dam produces trout for release in 

 lakes on the Colville reservation, and a hatchery 

 at Cabinet Gorge on the Clark Fork River in 

 northern Idaho produces kokanee. 



48 



