c, 



16 



14- 



12 



10- 



8- 



learly, a good deal 

 of the Northwest's 

 wilderness has long 

 since disappeared. 

 Cities and towns, farms 

 and freeways have 

 replaced forests and 

 marshes, dry plains and 

 shorelines. But fish 

 and wildlife habitat still 

 exists throughout the 

 basin, and our goal is 

 to protect it and 

 enhance it, wherever 

 we can. 



The actions in this 

 program, which are 

 based on the best 

 available scientific 

 knowledge, are de- 

 signed to accomplish this goal. Our approach 

 follows Congress' guidance in the Northwest 

 Power Act of 1980, upon which this program 

 is based. The Act called for a systemwide ap- 

 proach to reverse the consequences to fish and 

 wildlife of dam construction and operation. 



/i^uiurnUici Kiver basin 



Salmon KUnS An Historical Perspective 



|i 





a 



Mid-1 800s 



1977-1981 

 Average 



Current , 



Natural Runs 



Average 



B 



' ecause of the urgency of the salmon's 

 decline, and the listing of several salmon 

 populations under the federal Endangered 

 Species Act, we began our multiyear review of 

 the program by addressing salmon protection. 



Our Northwest Congressional delegation and 

 our four state Governors urged us to look at 

 all the causes of the salmon's decline, not just 

 the hydropower system. In 1992, we adopted 

 our Strategy for Salmon, which is incorpo- 

 rated into the fish and wildlife program. The 

 Strategy for Salmon is comprehensive both in 

 its review of the problem and in its solutions. 

 In 1993, we revised our resident fish and 

 wildlife measures. These new measures also 

 stress a total watershed approach, calling for 

 cooperation and coordination to sustain and 

 increase surviving species in their habitat. 



8,000 B.C. 



Pacific Northwest Indians occupy 

 ttie region, relying on salmon as 

 a major source of food. 



458 A.D. 



Five Chinese Buddhist monks begin a 

 voyage around the Pacific Rim, pass- 

 ing the mouth of the Columbia R/Ver 

 some 1,334 years before Robert Gray 

 "discovers" it in 1792. 



