•> 



30 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



[ j an. h 



inTwinter, however, the ipecial object of its us* ii to J ciplcs which could be acted on by tlL— Ed. Bowley, 

 prevent blackleg, if, hut for tbi*, Turnips ad libitum Gloucester Journal. 



When put to GrtSI as year-oldf, 





would be sufficient. 



they decidedly thrive better on sown Grass of the first 

 year than on old pasture, differing in this respect from 

 cattle whose growth is matured. They are laid on Tur- 

 nips again as early in the autumn as these are ready ; and 

 it is a good practice to sow a few acres of globes to be 

 ready for this express purpose. It does well to give the 

 Turnips up. n the Grass for 10 or 14 days before putting 

 them tiaaUy into the feeding-yards ; and then, if they can 

 be krpt dry and warm, and receive daily as many good 

 Turnips aa they can possibly eat (ijlube till Christmas and 

 Swedish afterwards), they will grow at a rate which will 

 afford their o er daily pleasure in watching their pro- 

 gress, and reach a weight by the 1st of May which, if 

 markets are favourable, will reward him well for all his 

 pains. The leading features of this system are, uniform 

 good keeping, and progressive improvement ; In other 

 words, to get them fat as soon after birth as possible, and 

 keep them so till they reach maturity. The details given 

 above are a description of the expedients generally 

 adopted by the breeders of this district for securing these 

 objects.— Mr. IV m, Transaction* of the Highland 



Society. 



Situation of Guano. — M. Teschemachcr presented 



specimens of Guano just received from the coast of Peru, 

 conta < feathers. With reference to the Opinion 

 entertuined hy some, that the Guano h I been accumulat- 

 ing from a p. >d perhaps prior to the origin of the human 

 race, Mr. T. translated the following passage from the 

 "Meaoriates Re'alea " of " Garcilasso de la- Vega." 

 Lisbon, U . p. 102. "On the sea-coast from below 

 Air.juipa as far as Tarapaca, which is more thin 200 

 leagues of coast, they use no other manure than that of 

 marine birds, which exist both great and smull on all the 

 coasts of Peru, and go in Socil perfectly incredible, if 

 not seen. I aey are reared on ftoms uninhabi I islands 

 which . xist on that coast, and the manure that they leave 

 U of i vable amount. At a distance the hills of it 



resemble the mounds on some snowy plain. In the time 

 of the Incas there was so much vigilance in guarding these 

 1 that, during the rearing season, no person was 



allowed to visit the islands under pain of death, in order 

 that they might not be frightened and driven from their 

 nests. Neit r was it allowed to kill them at any time, 

 either on or off of the islands, under the same penalty." 

 Each district or territory also had a portion of these island! 

 allotted to it, the penalties for infringement of which were 

 very severe. From this extraordinary case it is probable 

 that the Incas did not permit any remarkable consumption 

 of this valuable manure beyond the annual additions ; and 

 the consumption during the depopulation of South America 

 by the Spaniards could, by no means, have equalled those 

 annual dej ts. Even the greatest thickness of 700 t 

 800 feet, might without extravagnut calculation he depo- 

 sited in about 30(H) years, at the rate of two or three inches 

 a year. The feathers do not appear different from those 

 of birds of the present day. Mr. Wake, a member of our 

 Society, who has visited these dep litl, hts a shell found 

 in the Guano, very much resembling the Crepidula forni- 

 cata of this coast, but not in any way fossilized. On this 

 coast it never rains, so that the deposits of manure are 

 not, like those on other coasts, annually washed away. — 



Proceedings oj Boston Society. 



Irish Landlords.— Notwithstanding the abuse heaped 

 upon Irish landlords, I think I may safely assert that the 

 landed proprietors of Ireland, as a body, will bear a com- 

 parison with those of any other part of the United King- 

 dom, in an inxiooi desire to better the condition of their 

 tenants, and improve the cultivation of their estates. 1 

 do not here include middlemen, " whose own the sheep are 

 not," and who have no permanent interest in the land or 

 its Occ upier* . — Mr. Blacker, English Agricultural 



Society's Journal. 



Supply of Air to the Hoots of Plants.— The breaking 

 up of the surface of cultivated land, either by the plough, 

 spade, or hoe, for the reception of seeds or plants, is a 

 process to universally practised and indispensable for the 

 well-being of the crops intend* to be raised thereon, that 

 it may be deemed incredible that so common and simple 

 an affair should not be universally understood. The sur- 

 face of the earth is one of the sources whence plants 

 obtain the elemental food requisite for their development, 

 and certain conditions of this surface are absolutely neces- 

 sary. Humidity, heat, and air, in due proportions, are 

 indispensable both to the fibrous roots which are extended 

 in the earth, and to the head of the plant expanded in the 

 air. There is more danger, however, from the excess of 

 moisture than from the extremes of either heat or air ; 

 because, when the soil is saturated with water, the access 

 of the general air and its gaseous properties is excluded, 

 and the delicate fibres imprisoned and choked, it may be 

 •aid, for want of breath, must in auch cases necessarily 

 languish. — Journal of Agriculture. 



Agricultural Education, — In order to give the young 

 farmer an education adapted to his profession, we arc in 

 this neighbourhood endeavouring to eatabliflh a school 

 wherein all the necessary sciences will be taught, and to 

 which a farm is to be attached, on which the pupils may 

 be employed half the day in practically carrying out the 

 theory of the school. To carry out an improved system 

 of Agriculture with success requires a man of no ordinary 

 capacity — he should, of course, combine a knowledge of 

 the sciences with practical experience, ami tC £*rrv out his 

 views he must have great moral courage, perseverance 

 with patience, and enterprise with caution, and unite the 

 whole with habits for general business. I am not sanguine 

 enough to suppose the proposed school would give men 

 the whole of these requisites, but it would establish prin- 



Guano in Caithness.— There is a great abundance of 

 Guano to be found in Caithness, Sutherland, Orkney, and 

 Zetland, amongst the islands and cliffs of the rocks. I 

 last year made trial of it from an island near Incholm, 

 took a boat in the morning, and, with some small spades, 

 masons* trowels, aud some bags, clambered to the top, 

 about 30 feet high, to the resort of the sea fowl, from 

 which, in an hour's time, three of us nearly filled the boat 

 with excellent stuff resembling dirty lime. The season 

 was past to try it on vegetables, and not being a farmer, 

 I used it in top-dressing a flower-garden, where it had an 

 astonishing effect. — Corresp. of John o' Groat's Journal. 



Advantage of Deep Drainage. — 1 had an opportunity 

 the other day of seeing the full advantages of a deep 

 drain. It was in the form of a natural glen or ravine. 

 I found the land en one side of it deep, friable, and warm, 

 margined by very poor shallow cold clay, and on the other 

 side of a medium quality ; there was a smaller drain 

 along it on the opposite side. The large drain is about 

 10 or 50 feet deep, and 100 to 150 broad, and the smaller 

 one about 7 feet both ways. The good land 8 or 12 

 perches broad, is evidently proportional in width to the 

 depth of drain or ravine.— Correspondent of the Ayrshire 

 Agricultiu '. 



RK LANE, Friday, Jam/art 12.-Ther? wmT«V 



MS doing in the maiket this morninr. Free F(w*aJTLJ% 



MA 



business doing m tne maiicec cms morning. Free Forties «^ 

 was hdd at the same prices; of English there »— itaniJiT^* 

 offering. We had some inquiry for bonded. BirleTfJJ ** 

 Beans remain as on Monday, and Oats are fully as dJiT*' *t 

 better sale. * m *»***t 



BRITISH, PSR IMPERIAL QUARTER. 



Wheat, Essex, Kent, and Suffolk . . Whit* 



Norfolk, Lincolnshire, and Yorkshire 



Oat*, Lincolnshire and Yorkshire . Pol and i 



Northumberland and Scotch • . Feed 



IiUh Feed 



Barley .... Malting and distilling 



*. 



t. 



41 



54 



47 



54 



15 



■ 



10 



Malt, pale, ship 



— - Hertford and Essex . • 



Rye • » * • • # 



lieam, Mazagan, old and new S3 to 



Pigeon, Heligoland . 88 to 36 



. 30 to 



Patau „ 



Tick 

 Winds. 



31 



■m 



Peas, White 



Maple S3 



Grey 



IMPKRIAL AVKRAOE8. 



«• 



Dec 



1 



8 



15 



n 



per Quarter 



Wheat. Barley 



Jan* 



6 weeks' Aggregate Aver. 

 Duties on Foreign Grain . 



ARRIVALS THIS WEKK. 



KneHsh 

 IrUh 



oh 

 Foreign 



Wheat 

 4110 



12*0 



Barley 



1)140 



1270 



1170 



Oats 



ARRIVALS IN THR RtVBR LAST WKBK. 



Rn/llsh 

 Irish . 

 Foreign 



Flour. 

 8021 Ski 



M 



Notices to Correspondents. 



Co-mwi icatiovh from the following Cokrgsp' tBMYI are in 

 tyj>e. and are only waiting till room can be found for them : — 

 J. D. t Facile, A, r.tmpbell.Cnttor. 

 AttMO.viACAL LiQt'oR.— K. /*. — Your compost-heaps will be 

 benefit ad by Braking them, as you propose, with gas-water. Do 

 Dot put on the land so many cart- loads of the compost ptr acre 

 il you would otherwise have done. 

 Corhkhpondknts who desire immediate answers to their 



es will be so good as take care that their letters reach 

 I.'ii inn by the post of Tuesday morning at late otherwise 

 replies will he unavoidably deferred till the succ ling week. 

 Draivaob.— v —Many extensive land-owners have now 



operations of the kind proceeding. Lord Portman, in Somer- 

 setshire and Dorsetshire j an extensive landed proprirtor, wh 

 name we forget, near Prest<n, Lancashire; the Earl Duett, 

 near Thornbury, Gloucestershire, are, we believe, among those 

 thus actively engaged in the improvement of their estates. 

 G AS-Liwc— E. R.—liy exposure to the air it ultimately becomes 

 a sulphate of lime, id ical, in fact, with gypsum. In order 

 that it may the more readily assume this form, it should be 

 spread out and exposed to the air, and at the same time il 

 should be mixed with fresh earth or decomposing vegetable 

 matter ; the sub^ta s contained in which will fix other valu- 

 able but volatile matter whieh it contains. 

 VI ld in Havstaibs,— Omega.— It is owing to your having 



put the hay up before it was properly dried. 

 Mantrbs.— A Subscriber.— Apply soluble manures such as you 



name, aft or sowing, as a top-dressing ; they will not affect the 



taste of the root. Sea-v. 1 is said to be a good manure for 



Carrots; if »o, in inland situations, kelp, the ashes of seaweed. 



will be a good substitute for it. You may depend upon it, 



however, that no manure for any crop will beat what is made 



in the farm-yard tiom the consumption of that crop. Of the 

 I three you name, viz., guano, urate, and grains, we prefer the 



first as a top-dressing for grass, at the rate of 2cwt. or 3cwt. 



per acre. Try sulphate of ammonia applied in the same way 



at the rate of tfOlbs. to 100 lbs. per acre. A Lover of Im- 

 provement. — Many of your questions cannot be answered by 



one ignorant of the cirenmstances under which his answers 



would he applied. The usefulness of salt as manure depends, 



not on the texture of the soil, but on the non- existence there 



in a useful form of a sufficient quantity of the substances of 



which salt is composed. The refuse salt of pork-stores is 



probably more valuable than common salt as a manure, on 



account of the nitre it contains. Soot and salt are referred to 



above in reference to " a Subscriber's" question. You must 



not mix lime with soot, or you will drive off the ammonia to gSBJgf SSS55I5SS 



which soot owes its value as manure. Salt would probably Brussels' Sprouts, per hf.-sv., i# 



not act as a fixer of ammonia in a liquid manure-tank; 



sulphuric and other acids will, and so will gypsum. We shall 



publish all useful information we receive respecting the action 



of manures of various kinds, as the season for their applica- 

 tion approaches. We refer you for further information on the 



subjects you ask about to Cuthbert Johnson's work H on Fer- 

 tilizers." X<>ttingham. — Lime should not be mixed with 



cloacine; it injures it. Prefer mud, peat, soot, charcoal dust, 



or any powdery absorbent material. Bones are digested in 



sulphuric, not muriatic, acid, for Agricultural purposes. 



\ Wht. Barl. 

 — Brli. 5045 12 '27 



■ 49J 

 150 1906 



Malt. 

 10430 

 40 



•: 



Oais. Rya. 

 8800 - 

 7088 



Kihcjstoad im Ut 



COVENT GARDEN, Jav. 12. — Notwithstanding that * 

 weather has been sonu what colder during the week, the Mafe 

 has been well supplied ; but trade still remains dull. Vegtttfh 

 in general are very good ami plentiful. Fruit has also In 

 equal to the demand. Pine-apples are small, but well fltrom 

 they are rather scarce. Hothouse Grapes are very good* 

 well coloured, but they are becoming less plentiful; Potufl 

 continue sufficient for the demand, and are offered at nearly 

 same prices as kaat week. Apples have been brought to* 

 Maiket in c< n titrable quantities during the week; thcytai 

 not advanced in price since our last Report; among thca 

 oh ved some good specimens of Blenheim Orange, da 

 Pears are not plentiful ; the Passe Colmar is selling atfroti 

 Gd. to St. per doz. ; good specirr ensof Ne Plus Meuns areol* 

 at -id. each. Lemons and Oranges continue abundant. 5a 

 of every kind are plentiful; English Filberts bring from 6b 

 70*. per 100 lbs. Pomegranates are selling at 6r/. each. Vtgttrib 

 are offered at nearly the same prices as in our last rtf 

 Cabbages are good and plentiful, as are likewise Green* ■ 

 Savoys. Broccoli is becoming rather scarce; the late fro^ 



eather has been somewhat injurious to it. Brussels Sproi 

 are plentiful; Seakale and Rhubarb are selling at nearly* 

 same prices as last week; the latter is very plentiful and go* 

 Asparagus is plentiful. Parsley, Parsnips and Endive are *fe 

 good and plentiful. A considerable quantity of America 

 Shallots have made their appearance in the market during * 

 week. Celery is sufficient to meet the demand, but is infericri 

 quality. Cut Flowers chiefly consist of Erica hyemalis, gra* 

 and caffra, Epacrls impress a, Bignonia venusta, Gardenia n* 

 cans, Jasminum revolutum, Lily of the valley, Cineri» 

 Chrysanthemums, Scarlet Pelargoniums, Camellias, Axaka 



Tulips, and China Roses. 



Pine Apple, per lb.,'4#to7* 



apes, hothouse. P^ 1 * 1°-, 3s to 7* 



Portugal, per lb. Is to 2*6d 

 Apple*, dessert, p. bush. 4s to 12s 



„ Kitchen, p bus. 3s to 7s 

 Pears, per halt-sieve, 3s to 12* 

 Oranges, per dozen, 9d to 2* 



— per 100,3i Gd to 14s 

 Lemons, per doz. 9d to 2s 

 — per 100,5s to 12s 

 Pomegranates, per doz., 3s to 6* 

 Green Capsicums, per 100,1s to 2$ 



FRUITS. 



Red Capsicums, 4s to 8s 

 Almonds, per peck, 6s 

 Sweet Almonds, per lb-, 2s<Mto* 

 Nuts, Spanish, per bushel, I4i 



— Uracil, 16s 



— Hazel, 2$ to 4s 



— Barcelona, 20s to H# 



— Cob, per 100 lbs., 60i »» 

 Chesnuts, per peck, 12s to 28s 

 Filberts, English, plOOlb*.,** 

 Barberries, per hf.-sv , 3i to U 

 Tomatoes, per punnet, Is toll" 







VEGETABLES. 



31. T.— As, from the article in last Gazette, it appears that 

 the Rev. I,. Vernon Harcourt resides near the sea, M. T. 

 would be greatly obliged by his informing him if he has 

 made any experiments with sea-weed as a manure, and if so, 

 whether he met with any difficulty in decomposing it. Is it 

 necessary to its action 'hat it should be reduced to a uniform 

 mass— or may it be applied directly to the land ? 

 ustari> Plant, &c— t.— We understand your neighbour, Mr. 

 Thimbleby, has 180 acres of newly-inclosed land covered by a 

 promising young plant of Wheat— why not follow his example 

 in the treatment of your land ? You will find information on 

 the cultivation of Mustard in Loudon's Encycl. Agric, in the 

 Report to the Board of Agriculture of the County of Essex, and 

 in the last vol. of the English Agricultural Society's Journal. 



Vaiue or TvMflVS to ng consumed by youno Cattlk.— 

 Govyn.— It dependson the quantity of the straw to be supplied 

 to the cattle, and on their age. Supposing them to be ordinary- 

 sized two-year-olds j ascertain from your neighbour what 

 quantity of straw he intends to supply you with for them 

 during a certain number of weeks, agree on a price for this 

 straw (which, however, must, of course, be nothing like the 

 market-price of good straw', and subtract it from the ordinary 

 charge, in such a case, of 4.v. a week per head. Your neigh- 

 bour should pay you the difference. 



S.MiTnriRLD C\.vn>—Fairplay. — Your letter, to be useful, should 

 have been published some weeks ago— no good purpose would 

 be served by our publishing it now. If the facts were as you 

 state them, it was probably owing to an oversight on the part 

 of the Society'* officers. 

 *** As usual many communications have been received too 



late for answering this week. 



Rhubarb, per bundle, Is to Is Gd 



, to 2s 

 Cabbages, per doz., 6d to Is 

 AsparagU9, per 100, 2s to 8s 

 Seakale, per punnet, Is to 2s Gd 

 French Bean?, 3s to 4s per 100 

 Autumn Potatoes, 3d to Gd per lb. 

 Savoys, per doz. Gd to Is 

 Greens, per doz. 2$ to 3< Gd 

 Potatoes, per ton, 4.*»s to lbt% 

 _ per OWt.j 2s Gd to 4s 

 — per bushel, ls6rf to 2* 64 



Kidney, p. bush., 2#to 2s Gd 



Onions, Spring p. doz. bch.,«*»» 



— Large, per bushel, *«> * 



— Spanish, per doz., l'«f *f § 



— pickling, p^hf.-sv^asW** 1 

 Shallots, perlb.,6rfto9d 

 Chilis, per 100, Is to 2s 

 Lettuce, Cabb., p. score, «»» 



— Cos, per score, www 

 Celery, per bun., Gd to 2s 

 Mushrooms, per pottle, « »"* » 

 Walnuts, per bushel, shells*. |»" 

 Small Salads, per punnet, *»- 

 Watercress, per doz. sm. w».p 

 Parsley, per doz.bunches, wt»» 



Turnips,perdoz- bunches Is 6rfto 2s Gd Tarragon, per o un '*7°*" 



Red Beet, per dozen, Gd to Is 

 Horse Radish, perbundle, lsto'5s 

 Radish, spring, p. do/, hands, Is 

 Carrots, p. doz- bun., 2s Gd to 5s 

 Spinach, per sieve, Is Gd to 2s 

 Leeks, per doz- bun., 9d to Is 

 irlic, per lb. GitoHd |F 



Endive, per score, W to 2* 

 Mint, per doz. bunches, U to» 

 Marjoram, green, p. do*•^«• ,, 

 Chervil, per punnet, *d to* 

 Satisfy, per bundle, Is to li os 

 Scorzonera, per bundle, "*• 



ti* 



HOPS, Frioav, Jan. 12. , 



— Tfta Hop Market continues to advance, with but few in cff«r,at 



Tng prices: — 



East & Mid Kent Pocks. 8/0s to 10/ 10s Sussex Pockets 



Ch* ditto - - 11 



Weald of Kent Pocks. 6 



Choice ditto - -70 



6 15 



Choice ditto 

 Farnham 



PATTlNDKlf 



POTATOES, Jan. 8 *«*««*- 



Southwark Watbrstdb— There ha«been a liberal **PP l £;Vl™ i i»U** 



, verv limited from ?We Channel ^ 



!*2fl 



districts during the past week, but very limited fromt*^ Jj;^° lute***: 

 the Weft of England. We had a sharp frost on the **■, 7"'^. rf JV** 

 hours— a continuance would hav« considerably *** i3tt * 1"? in «, 

 The weaihor has a 8 ain returned to its former mildr.*M , but in ^ 

 the trade generally haying no stock on hand, the aWMM w 



has been brisk at the annexed prices. 

 York Reds - - - 50s to 80s 



Perth 60 65 



Early Devona - - — 65 



Cornwall - - - — 65 



Jersey and Guernsey Blues — • r ' i1 



Kent and Essex Whit« 



Wisbeacfc Kidneys 

 __ White. 



Prince RegenU 



. H 





SEEDS, Friday, Jan. 12. 



I.inseedC 

 Mc»tard , 



JWarlms* 



SMTTHFIF.I.D, MONDAY, Jan. 8.— Per stone of 8lbs. 



n*stSc*tt» Hereford*, St& <* to4a 4 ] Best Downs & Half-broda 4s 4to4s 8 



Best Short Homs - - 3 a 4 Best Long-wooled . . 3 10 4 2 



, *.ii i 'pality Beasta .343 8 I Ewtt and aecond quality 3 4 3 a 



Calve* 



4 4 8 I Pi 



s* 



3 4 4 4 



Canary - • per qr 

 Carraway - per cvrt 90 

 Clover, Ked, Enfil^h - 54 

 — Foreign - 54 



_ White, Knjrlish - 74 

 — — Foreign - 74 



CoTiander - - - - 12 

 Hempseed - per last 34 



Linseed - - pev qr — — 

 ~- Baltic - - - — — 

 _ Cakes,Eng.p«r 1000 10/ 5s 101 10 



>S, Friday, Jan. W. ^ 



56s to 60s I LinseedCakesFore«n.P^ 



« 1 M,-.«*ard. White - P- v T m . 



63 



88 



64 



81 



Hi 

 1R 

 36 



Si 

 i 





SuperfiM - 

 _ Brow* ' . rf 



topped, En^,P«;>£ . 

 Rape Cakes - P erw ^ ~ 



intfoin - ; "mfc. » 

 »res, Eng. winter p. »»7 | 



__ For«»gn - " £irt -- 



Trefoil - " P ^ mi**^ 

 Turnip <t«> variable f« J ^ \fi 



Nlmhx**.— Beasts, «660; Sheep, 3i,.w\ ; CalTes,88; Pigt, 30£ 



Frioav, Jax. 12. 



In consequence of the depressed state of the dead maiT*' ** nca Monday, our 

 trade today ishea.y,ata Recline of nearly 2d. pe%8lbs u? Beasts and Sheep. 



t«.. .': r »'her * * '/rood Calves, consequently an aJ vance in P r,ce ~ 



the best reai-Ingfu'ly '*• pe r Olbs. 



NcxBHfl.— Beast?, >neep, J7CO; Calves, 133; Pigs, 330. c ^A 

 t 41. Ww S mithJ*^— 



HAY, SMi-rn-riffib J AN - 12. 



Hay, 2/ 10s to 3/ 8s | Ciovn, 8/ 5s to 4/ 10s ,' Straw, 1/ 4s to 11 10s 



T j,£* Coop»k, Salesrrr 



WOOL.-BRiTHH, FRIOAJ »•»*"' .* n " lhl 



Tub firmness noticed In our last T «P ort . ,t,lI .."'i*.- .re < 

 market. The repr.us from the ™ nuf *"»""&e>J"£ *" the 

 character. The r.annf «ctniers, as we kj™°2 £Si largelf 

 .rood stocks of W „„!, hence th. re not dlspo«d to WJ 18 ^' 

 lad we cannot expect prfctt to materially advance. m 



PRtcaaCuaaaxT. 



uj 1 ©J 



Per Load of 3*5 Trusses, 



I 



Southdow q Ww 



>*es 



■ A 



Jambs Pbbbij* 



,*-> 



