118 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



[F 



24, 



would merit the additional thanks of all good men. 

 now speaking for the gardeners only, but as I fear your 

 Paper is not the proper medium, I abstain from tracing 

 the evil through other mazes, else I might point to many 

 others who are subjected to like annoyance with the gar- 

 deners. Even the worship in the Palace chapel is inter- 

 rupted by storing, ignorant, and irreligious intruders. I 

 might also allude to the incongruity of a palace and gar- 

 dens belonging to her Majesty, the recognised head of our 

 ** truly Apostolic and purely Spiritual Church" being 

 turned into a scene of revelry and profanity on the Sab- 

 bath-day. 1 might inquire, are not Dr. Howley, Archbi- 

 shop of Canterbury, and the Bishop of London, privy 

 councillors and keepers of the Royal conscience? Why 

 do they not raise their voices against such enormities, 

 and procure the shutting of the gates on the Sabbath-day, 

 that those within may enjoy the Sabbath ; I plead for the 

 gardeners — my brethren of the blue apron, and say it is a 

 shame, a scandal, and a hardship (to say nothing of the 

 sin), to deprive them of their Sabbath of rest in the man- 

 ner now prevalent ! — Q. 



Sugar Refiners' Refuse.— There are some notes on 

 Sugar Refuse in Malcolm's ♦' Surrey " (vol. ii., p. 101). ) 

 He says that it is a very powerful manure, and good and 

 permanent if well spread ; if badly spread, and the lumps 

 not broken up, it burns the Grass. u Upon arable land 

 it is thought not to answer." W. Coles, Esq., has used 

 large quantities for three or four years past ; he uses it 

 mixed with road- sand — about three loads of road-drift 

 to one of scum, and from 20 to 30 loads of this mixture 

 applied per acie. It costs 4s. per load. The Hay crop 

 increased nearly fourfold. This in 1805. — E. 



New Zealand.— In the Chronicle of September, 1843, 

 are statements relative to New Zealand being a desirable 

 colony for emigrants. The inclosed extract of a letter 

 from a relative of mine, written about the same date, and 

 after the late unfortunate collision with the natives, is 

 confirmatory of your opinion. M This country possesses 

 many advantages and good qualities, viz., salubrious and 

 pleasant climate, varied and beautiful scenery, no fall of 

 the leaf, the woods green all the year round, fertile land 

 that will yield two#crops in the year, that is will produce 

 in all seasons, and also possessing many sources of wealth 

 not yet properly acted upon, all the benefits of which we 

 shall in due time enjoy. I have seen many scenes here which 

 reminded me of the Highlands of Scotland. Port Nichol- 

 son is not unlike the upper end of the Cromarty Frith, 

 but much prettier. I have no doubt that by-and-bye, 

 when things are properly settled, this will be a most desir- 

 able country for any one desirous of emigrating, particu- 

 larly Agriculturists. At present the districts available are 

 generally difficult and expensive to clear, and would not 

 *mt - p o°r mHn unless he worked hard himself; but when 

 the native nation is settled, fertile districts that are 



known will be~thrown i^r n - l should , a(lvise ■"* one in ' 

 ing to purchase land to bring out: ttretr money im IH 

 t they buy, instead of playing at * blind hooky ' with 

 their all perhaps. For my own part I continue to like 

 the country and climate well."— J. S., IVellinyton, New 

 Zealand, September 15, 15143. 



Feeding of Bee*. — It will be recollected that the spring 

 months of last year were wet and cold, and continued so 

 up to swarming time ; daring that period I fed successively 

 my stocks and swarms. I likewise did the same in Octo- 

 ber, and I have not lost a single stock ; on the contrary, 

 they are very quiet, and have plenty of food. The Bees 

 kept more in the hive during the mild weather in Decem- 

 ber and January than ever I remember them to have 

 done, arising, no doubt, from their having been fed. I 

 was induced to try th's plan through reading '* Milton's 

 Practical Bee-keeper," a work which all who keep Bees 

 should possess, and follow its directions, for by so doing 

 many Bees' lives would be saved. I agree with the author, 

 that more depends upon the food than the size, shape, or 

 material of which hives are composed. As the season is 

 approaching when Bees may require feeding, those who 

 are inclined to pursue this plan, will soon have an oppor- 

 tunity, and I doubt not that they will reap an equal 

 advantage. — A Bee Preserver. 



Management of Bees.—\lu\e 1. Never kill your Bees. 

 Rule 2. Never allow your Bees to swarm. Place an old 

 stock of Bees on the "middle of a board large enough to 

 contain three hives, and on each side of the old stock place 

 a wooden hive, nine inches high, and 11 square inside ; 

 or a straw hive with a wooden too. The boards forming 

 the wooden hives should not be less than 1£ inch thick. 

 On the top of each of the side hives there should be a 

 hole two inches in diameter, with a plate of zinc to slide 

 over it, or a cork to fit it. Over the hole, in the inside 

 of the hive, should be fixed another plate of zinc, pierced 

 with pin-holes all over it. These small holes are for the 

 purpose of ventilating the side-hives, thereby preventing 

 the Queen from laying her eggs in them. Should the 

 Bees fill the holes, they must be re-opened. The board 

 on which the hives are placed should be so prepared with 

 passages that the three hives may be united or disunited 

 at pleasure by means of slides made of zinc. As soon as 

 the Bees are likely to swarm, open the passage between 

 the middle hive and one at the side, and force the Bees 

 to pass through the latter by stopping up the mouth of 

 the former. When the Bees have filled one side-hive 

 with honey, let them into the other side-hive, and remove 

 the first, now fit for use. by stopping its orumunieaiion 

 with the middle hive. Slide some sheet-iron under it, and 

 remove it to another parr, of the garden in the heat of the 

 day, and the Bees will readily return to the parent stock. 

 The honev will be found quite free from larva? and farina, 

 if the ventilation has been properly attended to.— C. A. 



A. Lloyd. . ..' . 



Sees. As I perceive by a recent communication from 



I am ] Dr. Bevan, that he has removed from Llanferry to Mont- 

 gomeryshire, I am curious to know what arrangements he 

 found necessary for the conveyance of his hives of Bees 

 from one place to the other. If he would be so kind as to 

 afford this information, he would gratify C. L. P.S. — 

 Have any tidings been received of the fate of Mr. Cotton's 

 Bees, for whose transport to New Zealand he made such 

 elaborate preparation ? — C. L. 



tend 

 what 



Societies. 



HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 

 Feb. 20.— Sir C. Lemon, Bart., M.P., in the chair. 

 H. Warre, Esq., wag elected a Fellow of the Society. 

 From Mr. J. Brewster, gr. to Mrs. Wray,of Cheltenham, 

 was a plant of Laelia superbiens, having a spike about 5j 

 inches long, of pretty purple blossoms, which, although 

 truly beautiful, were not so well coloured as could have 

 been wished; but it frequently happens that Orchi- 

 daceous plants fail to produce their first flowers well, 

 and verv possibly this may improve in course of cultiva- 

 tion. This plant, the honour of first flowering which be- 

 longs to Mrs. Wray, and which has created so much in- 

 terest, is a native of Guatemala, where it was first disco- 

 vered by Mr. Skinner— the finest specimens being in 

 ravines, and growing out of the fissures of rocks sheltered 

 from north-west winds. Some of the plants have bulbs 

 22 inches high, and flower-stems four yards long having 

 22 flowers. Mr. Hartweg, who also met with it in 

 abundance in the neighbourhood of Chantla, where it 

 is planted by the Indians in front of their doors and 

 exists in immense quantities, says that the length of 

 the stem, being four yards, is uncommon, and that 

 the average number of flowers in clusters is from 

 seven to fifteen. A strong plant of this is also in 

 flower in the garden of the Society, growing on a 

 block, where it succeeds well. According to Mr. Skin- 

 ner, it thrives best in a temperature from 55°*to fi5°. Mr. 

 Brewster also sent cut flowers of Phycella ignea a Chilian 

 bulb, having beautiful bright-red flowers ; this is not 

 hardy, but might possibly be made to succeed in a dry 

 border, if planted out at an early period, and protected 

 bv sand being laid over the surface of the ground, 

 the great fault of bulbs from that quarter being their mak- 

 ing an attempt to grow during our winter. From the 

 same collection was also a Cryptandra, having a fragrance 

 somewhat resembling that of a Hawthorn ; a large Silver 

 Medal was awarded for the Lselia superbiens. Mr. J. 

 Robertson, gr. to Mrs. Lawrence, sent Phaius Wallichii, 

 in good condition, having large brown and white blossoms ; 

 Oncidium Cavendishianum, that has kept in bloom nearly 

 five weeks ; Hippeastrum aulicum, with large red flowers ; 

 a variety of Cyrtochilum maculatum, and a large plant of 

 Cymbidium aloifolium. From the same collection were 

 likewise Oncidium reflexum, a Maxillaria, with a pale- 

 coloured blossom ; well-grown plan's or Deodt'Cblum \Y?.l- 



lichii, and D. pulchellutn, the latter twining gracefully o 



over a globular trellis, filled with Moss. There was also kingdom. The stigma has a peculiar stellate arrange- 

 Bletia havanensis, with pretty purple blossoms, and a ment, similar to Papaver and Nymphcea. It was ,. loo 1 ke f 

 well-grown plant of the brilliant scarlet-flowered Centra- 

 denia rosea, which has the good property of being a very 

 profuse bloomer. Mr. Robertson also sent Begonia 

 manicata, a plant of recent introduction, with pretty 

 flesh-coloured blossoms. This plant, on account 

 of its long white hairs under the leaves, and large 

 brilliant manicate scales, has a curious appearance. On- 

 cidium longifolium was also in the same collection, and a 

 beautiful plant of Epacris variabilis, completely covered 



coloured fruit ; a Certificate was awarded for them. From 

 J.Moorman, Esq, were nine sorts of Pears, including Passe 

 Colmar, Ne plus Meuris, Jean de Witte, Merveille d' Hiver 

 Beurre' d'Aremberg, Glout Morceau, Beurre Ranee, Easter 

 Beurre, and Winter Nelis, all in excellent condition • 

 a Certificate was awarded for them. Dr. Hendersort 

 sent an EoglUh specimen of Turk's Cap Gourd for 

 exhibition. From the garden of the Society were Den- 

 drobium nobile and cucullatum, Epidendrum macro- 

 chilum, Oncidium ensatum, a pretty plant of Phaius 

 grandifiorus ; Spiranthes cerina, sent by Mr. Hartweg,. 

 and a species of Stenomesson from the same ; also plants 

 of Epacris nivalis, E. campanulata alba, and a seedling 

 Epacris, with two pretty plants of the double pink Primula 

 sinensis that were raised from cuttings struck late in 

 autumn. The soil in which they are growing is mixed 

 with superphosphate of lime, which seems to be more 

 beneficial to plants than any substance of a similar nature 

 yet discovered. There were also flowers of Chimonanthas 

 fragrans, grandiflorus, and parviflorus. Cuttings of the- 

 following fruit-trees from the garden were also dis- 

 tributed, viz., Werder's Early Heart Cherry, a very 

 fine large black heart-shaped Cherry, which ripens much- 

 earlier than the May Duke. It was received from the 

 Continent, and, according to Baron Trucksess, was origi- 

 nally obtained from the Royal Prussian gardens so long 

 back as 1794 ; yet it is scarcely in cultivation in this- 

 country, where it was not known until introduced by the 

 Society. Along with this was also distributed the Early 

 Purple Guigue, Ick worth Imperatrice Plum, and Royale 

 Hative Plum ; the latter is exceedingly rich, resembling in 

 appearance the Reine Claude Violette ; but it ripens 

 earlier and the shoots are very dowuy, wheseas those of 

 the R. C. Violette are quite smooth, 



LINNEAN SOCIETY. 

 Feb. 20. — The Bishop of Norwich in the chair. A 

 collection of specimens of dried fruits were exhibited, pre- 

 sented'to the Society by Dr. Boott. A paper was read on 

 Asiphonia, a new genus of plants belonging to the family 

 Aceraceze, by W. Griffiths, Esq. A description of the 

 genus and of the species A. piperiformis was read. This 

 plant, besides the structure of its flowers, which are re- 

 markable, presents some peculiarities in its stem. The 

 pith is very large, and the wood is disposed in a wedge- 

 shaped manner, with large medullary rays interposed. A 

 second paper was read from Mr. Griffiths on Hydnora, a 

 genus belonging to the natural order Cytinacese. The 

 species examined was the H. Africans, which the author 

 had received from Mr. Harvey, from the Cape of Good 

 Hope. Although this plant had been described by 

 Brown, and figured bv Bauer, the author had ven- 

 tured on another description. The plant is para- 

 sitic, mos ly on Euphorbiacece. The anthers had 

 been described as multilocular, but such a view he did not 



The pistillum 



is altogether one of the most remarkable in the vegetable. 



with blossom ; a Knightian Medal was awarded for the 

 three last. From Mr. Kennington, gr. to F. G. Cox, Esq., 

 of Stockwell, was the rare Phalzenopsis amabilis, on a 

 block, having very conspicuous large snow-white blossoms. 

 From the same were also Huntleya violacea, Cyrtochilum 

 maculatum, a pretty plant of Phaius intermedius, Bletia 

 Tankervillii, and Brasavnla nodosa, with small white and 

 preen flowers; a Banksian Medal was awarded for the 

 Pnalsenop*is amabilis. Mr. Gaines, of Battersea, sent for 

 exhibition seven varieties of Camellias. From Mr. W. 

 Scott, gr. to C Barclay, Esq., was a cut specimen of a 

 flower from a bulb sent from Peru by Mr. Hartweg, 

 having a stem about three feet high, with curious green 

 and red blossoms ; a Certificate was awarded. Fiom Mr. 

 J. Wells, gr. to W. Wells, Esq., were cut flowers of 

 Camellias, and a fine plant of an Enkianthus, quite 

 covered with pretty flesh-coloured bell-shaped flowers, 

 having considerable resemblance to the obi E. quinque- 

 floras. Mr. Fortune found these shrubs growing in 

 abundance on the mountains of Hong-Kong ; a Bank- 

 sian Medal was awarded for the Enkianthus. Mr. J. 

 Plant, gr. to J. H. Schroder, Esq., of Brixton, sent a very 

 large specimen of Epidendrum odoratissimum, having a 

 fine panicle of dingy yellow blossoms; a Certificate was 

 awarded. From Mr. Henderson, ot Pine-apple-place, was a 

 beautiful small plant of Epacris impressa alba, the pretty 

 Erica mutabilis, remarkable for its long season of flowering; 

 Begonia manicata, B. coccinea, with brilliant scarlet flow- 

 ers, a beautiful plant of Dendrobium nobile, completely 

 covered with blossoms, and a specimen of Franciscea lati- 

 folia, which besides possessing the agreeable fragrance of 

 F. Hopeana, is a free grower; a Banksian Medal was 

 awarded for the two last. Mr. Ayres, gr. to J. Cook, 

 E?q., sent two seedling Cinerarias, one being a bright blue, 

 and the other a purple. From J. Allnutt, Esq., was a« 

 excellent specimen in a large pot, of the double white 

 Primula, the leaves of which being of a bright green, were 

 perfectly free from spot, and the flowers were beautifully 

 white ; a Certificate was awarded. W. Jackson, K*q,, 

 of Saleombe, King^bridge, Devon, sent specimens of the 

 Seville Orange, Malta Sweet Orange, Shaddock, and Le- 

 mons, that had been grown on an east wall, protected 

 only by a glass frame in winter ; they were large, weil- 



upon as mulricarpellary, but the author was inclined to 

 think the whole pistillum was formed from a single leaf. 

 The placentae were not, as described by Endlicher, parietal, 

 but were free and pendulous, with their whole surface 

 covered with ovules. This would form a fact opposed to 

 Schleiden's placentary hypothesis. Meyer had supposed 

 that the ovarium was composed of three parts. The two 

 papers were illustrated by drawings. 



BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. 

 Nov. 17, 1843.— The President in the Chair. Dr. 

 B 



Read, "Notes of a Botanical' Excursion in Warwickshire, 

 Worcestershire, Wales, and Ireland," by Mr. S. r- 

 Woodward. 



romfield presented a species of Calamintha, new to the 

 ritish Flora, discovered by him in the Isle of Wight. 



Bebiefos. 



Mrs. Loudon's Glimpses of Nature (Grant and Grif- 

 fith) is an account of the natural and other curiosities 

 observed by the authoress during a visit to the Isle 

 Wight. It contains much agreeable information con- 

 cerning the plants, shells, birds, and insects; the houses, 

 streets, men, and places, that were met with ; and we r - 

 commend it to the favour of those who are going ; to t 

 Isle of Wight, as a useful »« handbook " for their children. 



The Tree- Lifter ; or, a new Method of Transplant 

 Forest Trees. By Colonel George Greenwood. 



Longmans. , i:f e 



If this book were the production of a person whose i 

 was known to have been spent in researches into g 

 table Physiology, we should give him credit for the J 

 ness of s..me of his views, blame him for his CT0 ™ n \^ 

 and censure him for his want of acquaintance wito 

 works of modem writers. If it were the work ot a i 

 cian we should cavil at his argumentation, and qua 

 with his nonsx/uilurs. But the child of an officer -or 

 Household Brigade, who has had other duties to att en 

 than those of reading the works of Vegetable I JIJ ■ 

 gists, or studying Archbishop Whateley, may ci« > 

 be measured by no other standard than that of_ """^ i8 

 good sense. Thus measured, Col. Greenwood s o°° 



much above the standard. raC tical 



It may be looked at in two points of view,— the pr 



and the physiological. - eQJ . 



The practical part consists, firstly, of directions m 

 mnjca new kind of plant-lifter, which is so s f 



ploy...^ 

 " that a dav 



of 





labourer may use it, and plant daily a - 

 from 25 ft. to 30 ft. high;" for the construction an ° *%f 

 catien of which we refer to the work itself. Seco j» ^ 

 iusfcrttctions for pruning fruit-trees, which we arc u pw 



