136 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



[Mae. 2, 



AiPAtUGfs.- A S< *V>er.— We do not know whether the | 

 Biscay mode of growing this has been exactly followed, no 

 report on the subject having reached us. But we do know 

 that the application of very strong manure, in the manner de- 

 scribed by Captain Churchill, ha* been very advantageous 

 Common Guano, mixed with se wsalt, and applied in a liquid 

 form, has proved most beneficial. 



Aspaaltk — Xhui.— We do not think sea-sand can be employed 

 in making asphalte floorings and paths, because there is no 

 getting ic dry, and perfect dryness u indispensable to the 

 success of the operation. One inch thick is not enough. We 

 do not see why lime rubbish sin aid be injurious; we know it, 

 on the contrary, to be advantageous. You may apply gas- 

 water to youT Peach-trees safely now. 



Books. — William.— W~< agree with you that gardening books are 

 often too dear. Booksellers will allow gardener* some dis- 

 count for gardening books, if they apply to the publishers of 



them. We, however, cannot interfere ill sdeh matters. A 



Subscriber.— Your question is quite out of our line. You had 

 better consult the foreman of the nearest brewery. 

 Bbaciivcomk laKfim ma.— Clericua.— Seeds of this should be 

 so«n in p t* or shallow pans filled with light rich soil, and 

 ■well drained. The pots should be plunged in a gentle hotbed. 

 In order to obtain blooming plants early, the seeds may be 

 sown now; but if that is not an object, a fortnight or three 

 vreiks hence will be better; as soon as the young plants are 

 up they should be potted Into Small pots, and if they are to be 

 kept In a greenhouse, shifted into larger one* as they require 

 it. Tboss that are to be grown out of doors should be planted 

 out in a prepared bed early, ray by the end of May, In order 

 that they may perfect their fteedl in September or early in 



October.: ' 



Bkks.— J. \V. AT.— Would be oblige! tot information as to the 



success that lias attended the use of Bagster's hives. 

 Carnation's am' PlCOTSKS.— A Reader of 'the ( 'hroniclc. — Neither 

 the aspect nor ihe opaque roof will suit Carnations and Pico- 

 tees ; they require plenty of I jrht when coming into bloom. 

 We rcconinicn.i you the f 6Uo wing sorts: — Scarlet Bizarres: 

 Twitchett's Don John, Martin's Splendid, H^adley's Wm, 

 Cobbett. Kain»forth*s Gameboy, Roi <ie Capucin, Ely's Lord 

 Durham. Crimson Bizarres: Puxlcy's Prince Albert, Holmes' 

 Count Paulini, Caitwrlght's Rainbow, Ely's Duke of Bedford, 

 Strong's Linnaeus, Ely's Lord Milton. Purple Fluke*: Mans- 

 ley's Beauty of Woodhousc, Millwood's Premier, Nix'a Lady 



Chetwynde, strong's Esther, Lascelles' Queen of Sbeba, Hogg's 

 Colonel of the Ulues. Scarlet Flmke* t Chad wick '« Brilliant, 

 Maud's Rowton,Wigg*sKar) of Leicester, Simpson's M uquess 

 of Qranby,WHImer*s IWo of Middlesex, Greasly's Mary Anne. 

 Ro$r Flakes: Brooks 1 Flora's Garland, Wilson's Harriet. Ely's 

 Lady Ely, Willmer's Endymion, Fletcher'* Duchess of Devon- 

 shire, Siclemom ' I. idy Rowley.* 



Celbriac — P. T. o.— Should be raised like Celery, and simi- 

 larly managed, till fit for planting out. It should always be 

 divested of side slips. It requires rich sandy soil, in which it 

 may be planted out, shallow, In the beginning of June, the 

 plants being 15 inches apart. It must not be earthed up. | 



CrcL-MBKRs.— A Subscriber.— A theimometer plunged into the 

 mould of the bed, about three inches deep, should indicate tin 

 of heat, which is a Safe temperature for the plants, t 



Datura, Sec— An Irishman.— Presuming that your Datura is 

 D. arborcaorsanguinea, it requires the following treatment : — 

 Being large plants, growing to the height of 10 or 12 feet,they 

 flourish best v. hen they are planted in the bed of a conserva- 

 tory ; but they will also grow well in large pots. The soil 

 should be a mixture of peat, loam, and sand, with a little leaf- 

 mould. They do not succeed well when planted in leaf-mould 

 alone, which it, no doubt, the cause of your plant becoming 

 sickly. Brachysema lattfolium is an abundant bloomer, and 

 prows freely in peat, loam, and sand, with the addition of a 

 little rotten dung. The same kind of soil will also suit Hovea 

 Celsi, which should be kept in a light and airy part of the 

 greenhouse, an 1 potted and watered with care. To render it 

 bushy, the main shoct should be topped when the plant is 

 y< Qi g, and the young laterals should also be shortened In 

 when they begin to grow, for if this is not attended to the 

 plant is particularly liable to grow up tall and naked at bottom.* 



Fi.voccnio. — P. T. <).— A dwarf variety of Fennel, It will grow 

 in any itch light soil. Sow in drills, and blanch the young 

 shoots by earthing up. It will not do welt without bottom-heat. j| 



FaciT-TrtK8s.— -4W«i/c/ny?ff/«.— Your Apples and Peais are for the 

 most parf subject to canker. They are old varieties. Your soil 

 has doubtless its share in ciuuny the disease; but you had 

 better get new kinds. If you cannot procure fresh rich loamy 

 soil, the sward of any soil will certainly prove beneficial. We 

 would still advise you to cut away all unsound wood. Lime 

 will be best applied, in a quick state, early In spring. It should 

 be spread over the surface of the ground, and dug or foiked in 

 so as not to it jure the roots.'] 



Cold- fish. — C — The Gold-fish is a species of carp, and all these 

 fish deposit their spawn on weeds growing on the shallow 

 sides of ponds most exposed to the influence of the sun. The 

 coinmoo-pond weed, the Water Ranunculus, and the coarse 

 Grasses which float on or near the surface, are the most favour- 

 able fortius purpose. An artificial pond, 30 feet diameter, of 

 an inverted conical form. r ,£ feet deep in the centre, and com- 

 posed of &tone and mortar, is most probably too deep at the 

 sides for the spawn to be hatched, even if the weeds above 

 mentioned are in the pond. If the sides are shallow the com- 



• mon Forget-me-not would afford the proper means for the fish 

 to deposit its spawn on the stems; and other plants that are 

 ornamental may be found to answer the purpose; bat without 

 a shallow side it is likely that the spawn, by net receiving 

 sufficient warmth, would perish. Flth arc male and female. 

 Toe female deposits the ova or hard roe, and the male then 

 deposits the milt or scft roc on the ova, without which latter 

 process no vitality ensues. Water-lizard* might eat some of 

 the spawn, but unless they were in great abundance it is not 

 likely they could destroy the very large quantities of spawn 

 which the female fish in a healthy state usually deposits. B. 

 [There is a book byfiocciofl "On Fresh- water Fish ; M and Mr. 

 Tamil's "Bikish Fishes " is a classical work.] 



Grasses.— Paris.— Ft r the purpose of distinguishing Grasses 

 take •• Parnclt's Grasses of Scotland ; " for their qualities, M Sin- 

 clair's II rtusGrummeus Wuburijensis; N for systematic ques- 

 tions, •• Kunth's Enumeration They are all cheap books. 



Gieemioi'Sks.- A. IL— Nothing will grow in an old-fashioned 

 hibernatory with an opaque roof and high front sashes ; but 

 many things will live in it through winter without growing. 

 For growth, light in abundance is requisite. If you take off 

 the roof and replace it with glass, then Camellias and 

 Oranges may succeed in it in the open ground. 



Heating.— Hants.— We find earthenware pipes break at the 

 joints, and wc understand that this always happens; but we 

 are told that if the flaws are made good with cement, they will 

 do very well aftei wards. You had better use hot-water gut- 

 ters, constructed as recommended at p. 630, 1843, and covered 



with slate. //. D.— No doubt gas had distilled t rum the coals 



during the night and had exploded. This is one of the nui- 

 sances attending smoke flues. We would rather not have a 



greenhouse at all than heat it by smoke flues. Clcricus 



will probably find his purpose answered by a plan of a Melon- 

 pit that will be published next week. Cut down your Vines 

 to three eye*, and enrich with bones and good stable-dung ; 

 it is immaterial whether they are started In heat or not. Mr. 

 Roberts's directions are very good, and it is a great pity fun 

 ctnnot cover your border with Stable litter* Perhaps you can 

 keep off the cold rain of spring by boarcs or some kind ot con- 

 trivance. You can force vegetables and Strawberries in your 

 pit; but it will n;t suit Greenhouse-plants where the Vin 



cover the gia-s. J, //.— When >ou are afraid of expense it 



is difficult to do what you want. The best way for you to pro- 



ceed would be to get a set of Eurbidge and Healy's iron tanks j 

 but if they are ton dear, then you must have recourse to lint 

 water brick-gutters, which will not be too damp if covered with 

 slate. For the greenhouse end you had better trust to the flue 

 of the fire-pl ice which heats the tanks. Wo quite agree with 

 you that all the boilers yet manufactured arc far too expensive 

 for many little operations. Can't you get an iron saucepan 

 set in brickwork and pierced for a flue and return-pipe? It 

 would do very well. 

 Hvacin'Ths.— Anon.— We cannot explain your cas?, which, in 



the way you s*ate it, is unaccountable. 

 Inscription's,— if. O. M. — We know of no application likely to 

 clear away from the surface of a very old rough-hewn lime- 

 stone slab the incrustation of Lichen, &c, now rendering ille- 

 gible a supposed inscription, except the strongest p >ssible so- 

 lution of caustic potash; and we are not sure that it would 

 succeed. It is, however, worth trying. 

 Insects.— Eileanach.— As there are many caterpillars which at- 

 tack fruit-tices when they break into leaf, we cannot tell what 

 species it is that you suffer from, but if you will send us speci- 

 mens when the larvse make their appearance we will give you 

 tlie best information in our power. It mr.y be the caterpillar 

 of the winter-moth, Phaleena (Hybernia) brumata, whose his- 

 tory you will find in vol. i , p. 812, with figures, and the hest 



mode of arresting that pest. R. .4 Youn* Gardener,— The 



curious rings of eggs from the branches of fruit-trees will pro- 

 duce the caterpillars of the M Lackey-moth," which spin a 

 web, and are very injurious in orchards and hedges, where 

 they abound to a great extent. See vol. iii., p. 244. under 



the nnme of Bombyx Ncustria. R A Constant Reader. 



— Train-oil is an excellent aupltcatioii for yonr Apple-trees. 



Sec last week's Chronicle, p. 116. R. The beetles 



communicated by Professor Royle feeding upon Cayenne 

 pepper, are a species of Anobium called Leioderma tes- 

 tacea, which inhabits South America as well as the East 

 Indies. The application of heat, either by baking or immer- 

 sion in boiling-water, would destroy the insects; and if the 

 bottles be made of ca*t glass, this process will be attended 

 without loss. The East Indian Wheat has been eaten by a 

 Weevil named Catandra oryass, from its depredations on the 

 Rice. It is ch sely allied to C. granaria ; see vol. iii., p. 907- **• 

 Lawvs.— A Novice.— On lh acre of new lawn you may sow the 

 following grass-seeds, viz , Pestnca duriuscula, 4£ lbs. ; F. te- 

 nuifolia, 3 lbs.; Cynosurus cristatua, 7$ lbs.; Avena flaves- 

 cens, 1 J lbs. ; Lolium perenne, 30 lbs. ; Pojt ncmoralis, 3 lbs. ; 

 P. sempervirerts,2 lb3.; P. tnvialis, 2.V lbs. ; Trifolium repens, 

 1 1 lbs. ; and T. minus, 3 lbs. This is a sufficient quantity to 

 cover the ground closely in a short time.:}: 

 Larkspurs.— A Subscriber.— These will succeed in almost any 

 soil; but a rich friable loam and a situation open to the sun 

 suit them best. They are improved by adding thoroughly 

 rotten manure freely to the soil in which they grow. The 

 seeds of the annual kind do best to be sown in autumn, as 

 when they are sown in spring it is late in the season before 

 they flower. It is probable that your young plants of these 

 are eaten off by slags, with which you say your soil swarms. 

 These may he effectually destroyed by applying pretty strong 

 gas. water to the ground at their feeding time; but it must be 



clear of plants.J 



Mklons. — Theta.— If yon will again refer to the article on the 

 Cultivation of the Melon, on January 2/th, you will find it 

 there stated that one plant was planted under each light, from 

 which two shoots were trained up the trellis, and aboutthree 

 Melons were allowed to swell off in the same space; that is to 

 say, that the average number of Melons grown on each plant 

 was three. With regard to your second question, the layer of 

 dung and leaves at the bottom was firmly trodden, but the soil 

 was only pressed with the hand round the sides ot the pit, and 

 not trodden ; because treading makes it liable to crack when 

 it becomes dry, and the roots are thereby severed from the 

 plant. If your soil i* light and dry when it is put into the pit, 

 you may tread it with advantage. There are many little 

 matters necessary to be observed in the cultivation of most 

 plants, upon which it is difficult, without going to a great 

 length, to give directions which bhall be applicable under all 

 circumstances. It was the Hoosainee Melon which was grown 

 at Trentham last year. The seeds were obtained from a 

 distinguished cultivator six year* since, and were, no doubt, 

 true at the time. Since then, notwithstanding the pains that 

 have been taken to prevent it, it is possible that it may have 

 become impregnated with the Ispahan. If it has become so 

 crossed, it is probably not the k6S valuable on that account. 

 At all events, I consider that the flavour was as good last year 

 as when I first had it ; and there was no other kind grown near 

 it last year. I cannot assist you in obtaining the Sirdar Melon, 

 having only now been able— and that through the kindness of 

 a gentleman in Ireland— to obtain two seeds. — G. F. 



Manures.— IK. T,— We fear sulphate of soda will not prove a 

 good manure. Experiments are not in favour of it. If used 

 at all it had better be mixed with the dunghill at some such rate 

 as two stone to a ton of the dung. Sulphate of ammonia 

 should be applied in March at the rate of 2 or 3 cwt. per 



acre. Its effects are very powerful but transient. R. H. C, 



Give a wine glass of superphosphate of lime to each 



plant of Pelargonium when prepared for flowering. Pot- 

 ter's Guano is an invaluable manure. Use it as a top- 



dressing at the rate of 3 lbs. to a rod. Monmouth.— As 



gas-water varies in strength, no exact quantity of sulphuric 

 acid will fix the ammonia. Add the acid, a little at a time, 

 till effervescence ceases, and then the fixation will be com- 

 plete. Experiment serves to show that March is the best time 

 to apply gas- water, &c. to grass-land. Applcmust has a bad 

 reputation as a manure, and is only fit to be fermented in a 

 dunghill. No means are known of preventing the death of 



branches of the Moorpark Apricot. T. B. C— Guano may be 



applied before the seed is committed to the ground, but it must 

 be mixed with a large quantity of soil or it will kill the seed- 

 lings. The best way of applying it is mixed with water, poured 

 between the rows of plants us soon as they are fairly above 

 ground. 



Morpuologv.— K.— Is it fair to criticise " R.E." before he has 

 stated Ids case? If his arguments can be refuted, we shall be 

 very happy to insert the refutation, when he has closed the 

 subject ; hut wc confidently expect that so sensible and well- 

 informed a man as you are, will be a convert before then. 



Namss of Fruit.— 6*. S. S.— Your Pear is the Virgouleuse. 3 



Nawks of Plants.— S*7<?j\— Mnmmillaria tenuis. G\ D.— 



The Trymalium is odoratissimum, and is from Swan River. 

 The Epdendrum is very like ionosmum; but (fit really is 

 from the Organ Mountains it must be new. We cannot, how- 

 ever, take for such a fact the authority which gave you the 

 Cape as the native of the country of the Trymalium. The 

 colour of Centraderiia is more or less pink, but the term red is 

 not strictly applicable to it. fy. — Erica herbacea. C. C. — 



1. Some Hedychium. 3. Lotus JacobEeus. Others not in a 



state for determination. /. Mrl. — It is impossible to name 



a plant from a leaf and a sketch, unless it is something well 

 known. Perhaps it is someCsesalpinia. — C. H. N.— 1, some 

 Viburnum, perhaps. Fragments out of leaf and flower cannot 



be named.^t W. S.— 1, some Thuja; and 2, some Juniperus, 



but they ctnnot be determined from such fragments ; the lat- 

 ter resembles J. phcenicea. J. S.— 1, Calceolaria pinnat* ; 



2, Pyrus pinnatifida; 3, Crattegus torminalh. The ignorance 

 of natural history of people who write books of travels is dis- 

 graceful. Opobalsamum is produced by Protium gileadcnse; 

 Nabtratch is a name we don't remember ; Valonidi is Quercus 

 acgilops; the prickly Oaks arc anything. A Young Gar- 

 dener. — Araucaria iinbricata, Gu;dia sericca. 



Pansiks with Diseased Lkavks.— C. T.— You would oblige 

 us by sending more specimens of your Pansy leaves, and say 

 whether the variety from which they are taken U a seedling ; 



and whether the disease is confined to this particular sort or 



if others are affected in the same way. What is your compost ?♦ 



Picotkks.— A Reader of the Chronicle.— Red-edged — Sharp*s Duk*» 



Cri 



dens miss Hennen, unnsiow s rurpie rerrecnon, Ely's Grace 

 Darling, Mrs. Hemningway. Rose and scarlet-edge- K'xrtl&nd's 

 Squire Annesley, Green's Queen Victoria, Wilson's Miss Fannv 

 Irby, Garratt's Lady Dacre, Beauty of Hemmingford, Sykes's 

 Eliza.* m 



Pits.— 5.— We recommend the pit figured in the Chronicle, at 

 p. 892 f 1843, known by the name of the Heckfield pit, as excel- 

 lent, when stable manure 7nust be uscd.£ 

 Polyanthuses. — AnOldS ubscribcr,— Pearson^ Alexander.Buck's 

 George the Fourth, Cox's Prince Regent, Clegg's Lord Crewe, 

 Hufton's Lord Rancliffe and Squire Ray, Eckersley's Jolly 

 Dragoon, Nicholson's Gold Lace and Bang Europe, Fletcher's 

 Defiance, Crownshaw's Invincible, and Cleg^g Lord John 

 Russell. We do not recommend particular Nurserymen or 

 Florists.*; 

 Rosks — R, C. IF.— Your China, Tea-scented, and Bourbon 

 Roses may be pruned when the coverings are removed, cutting 

 well back the strong shoots, and taking out the weak ones 

 entirely ; at the same time all dead wood or unsightly stumps 

 should be cut neatly out, having the young shoots thin and 

 regular. J 

 Seed saving.— Expansa.— We hardly understand your ques. 

 tion. If seeds are to be saved quite pare, care must betaken 

 to prevent the flowers being hybridised by those of other 

 varieties of the same species: and this is done by setting the 

 flowers artificially or by covering the blossoms with muslin, 

 while expanded, and until the seed-vessels begin to swell. 

 Some seeds, however, are not very prone to hybridise, espe- 

 cially Celery, Endive, Leek, and Carrot ; but Beet, and all the 

 Turnip, Radish, and Cabbage races are sure to do so in the 

 absence of precautions. Once transplanting after the plants 

 are full grown is often enough. 

 STnAWBKaiUES.— G\— Strong young plants with good balls will 

 fruit this season. Canterbury Bells will not bloom the first 

 year, unless sown very early, nor will plants of Alstrcemeria.t 

 Thk Fastolvk RAspBEiirtY.— Fair Play must excuse us. We 

 have already stated, on his authority, what the history of this 

 variety i.% and thus due honour is given to those by whom it 

 was raised. We do not find that Messrs. Youcll pretend that 

 they raised it themselves. If other people wish to sell it they 

 must advertise it; if not* why complain ? We never insert 

 attacks upon individuals, unless for some very grave reason; 

 and here we sec no reason at all. To print an anonymous 

 imputation without finding room for a reply, would be any- 

 thing but fair play, and our c lumus arc intended for some- 

 thing better than disputes. 

 Tomatoes.— J*. T. O.— Should be sown in March, in pots, and 

 placed in gentle heat. The plants should be shitted into larger 

 pots, as they require, till the end of May. They may then be 

 planted out In a warm situation, and kept supported from the 

 ground. When a moderate quantity of fruit has formed, the 

 plants should be stopped, and no more fruit allowed to appear, 

 for in this climate only the earliest formed acquire maturity. 

 Regulate frequently in order that the plants may not be de- 

 prived of much foliage at any one dressing. R 

 Wheat-spmtting.— Tassel. — The observations already made 

 upon this subject in our columns have led to some, and we hope 

 to many, such experiments as you propose. It is not worth 

 renewing the subject till* the result of those experiments shall 



be seen. 

 Ykast.— We have to thank two or three correspondents for com- 

 munications on this subject, which we shall publish, if they 

 prove useful upon trial. 



Miscellaneous.— A. B. C— Seysell asphalte is made by a com- 

 pany. We do not know what its composition is. You may 

 raise Deodars in the same way as Larch, or in many other 

 ways. See our volume for 1842, p. \oQ. If you have failed it 



is probable that your seed was bad. A.F.— Your Evergreen 



Oak will shoot again if cut down ; the operation should be per- 

 formed as soon as the buds are beginning to swell. It is not 

 very unusual for Pear buds to bear fruit the first year after 



insertion; but it usually spoils the bud. H, B. J.— Plant 



your Arrow-root in light peat and loam, give it plenty of pot- 

 room, plunge it in a bottom-heat of 80° or 85°, and keep it damp 



while growing, so as to drive off red spider. Condiscipulus, 



—Your distances are proper for Cedars of Lebanon, but too 

 great for Araucarias, which do not spread very much laterally; 



ten yards are enough for them. Flora. — Commelina ccelestis 



is the only one of your plants that will flower with any certainty 



the first season. A Gardener.— Worms may bo killed by 



watering your ground with weak gas- water, or lime-water, or 

 a very weak solution of corrosive sublimate. The kind of Kale 

 known among gardeners by the name of Curled Kale is suitable 

 for a private garden.? W. M. will find an article on the de- 

 struction of rats given in No. 46, 1843. A common way of 

 frightening birds from kitchen garden crops is to set up sticks 

 having Potatoes stuck full of feathers attached to them by 

 means of a piece of twine, in order that they may be.moved by 



the wind.* A Subscriber is answered in last week's Paper, 



p. 120. t A Subscriber should refer to our columns, where 



the prices of netting are advertised. We never recommend 



dealers.? &.— You may plant your Cape bulbs now, and 



keep them from frost-, t A. W. B.— Thanks. We will attend 



to it. Hereford's Letter is sent to Mr. Moorman. Anon. 



—An Ellis's microscope, with knives, &c, complete, may be 

 had for the sum you mention ; and it is the most useful we 

 know of. The book you inquire about will not be republished 

 in less than a twelvemonth. " Paxton's Botanical Dictionary 

 does not contain the names of weeds. To purchase the b J°£ s 

 you name would be of no advantage to Mrs. Loudon-— J. H, 

 —We believe Mr. Hope is correct In his statements respecting 

 Gas Tar; but we have not tried it. Its vapour would probably 



be deleterious to plants in leaf. Omicrun's Letter is sent to 



the Loudon Committee. J. IT.— The wood is impregnated 



with iron, not copper. The colour is curious. The inW- 

 tration seems to have taken place since the wood was se- 

 parated from the parent tree. A., Watford.— A full Index is 



always given at the end of each year, as you may see by refer- 



ring to previous volumes. A. P.— Your Pines are certainly 



in a woeful state ; but it is impossible to say why, wituouc 



seeing them. It may be the iron. A Journeyman Gardener. 



—Much obliged, but we have no use lor the volume, 

 M. D. T.— Pray send your address. 



SEEDLING FLORISTS' FLOWERS. 

 Camellia.— J. K.— Your seedling is a promising fl°^ e , r ; °\, 

 having bloomed it under such disadvantages, the probability w 

 that the defects in it may arise from that circumstance, sna 

 the flower may be much improved another season, un J*" 

 better treatment. It is of a good size, pleasing colour, tne 

 petals welt formed, and of good substance, with the centre 

 well filled up ; this part of the flower, however, is the defcc "^ 

 part, from the petals being so much crumpled and imperiecu> 

 marked. If better cultivation will not remove this detect, » 



will be of little use.* fhe 



CivKRARiA.-il/. G.-As far as we are able to judge from roe 

 remains of a single bloom, much mutilated, your seedling 

 promises well ; the white is pure, the flower large, and 01 gw 



substance.* 

 *j»*As usual, many com 



munications have been received too late 



ErtRATUM.-In last week's Paper, p. 116, col. A. line }7 fr?" 1 J* 1 * 

 bottom, for "crevices in the back," read •'crevices in u* 



hark." 



